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1
Q

Sunderlin et al

A

2005

2
Q

2005

A

Sunderlin et al

3
Q

World Bank, 2001

A

2.8 billion people live on less than $2 a day

4
Q

Who stated that 2.8 billion people live on less than $2 a day

A

World Bank, 2001

5
Q

Brosius, 1997; and Poor 1986

A

Disappearance of natural forests in developing countries negatively affects the livelihoods of people dependent on forest products and services

6
Q

Who states that the disappearance of natural forests in developing countries negatively affects the livelihoods of people dependent on forest products and services

A

Brosius, 1997; and Poor 1986

7
Q

What should be considered together

A

Poverty and loss of forests

8
Q

Who receives the impacts of climate change the most

A

Developing countries, and the poor within these

9
Q

What tend to occupy the same spaces

A

Rural poverty and natural forests

10
Q

World Bank 2003

A

World bank (2003) found that a large amount of poor people live on ‘fragile’ lands including slopes, arid zones, and forest ecosystems

11
Q

Who found that a large amount of poor people live on ‘fragile’ lands including slopes, arid zones, and forest ecosystems

A

World Bank 2003

12
Q

How many people live in forested areas

A

240 million people (World Bank, 2003)

13
Q

What does the World Bank (2003) consider forests as

A

Environmentally fragile lands

14
Q

Why do poor people live in forested areas

A

Because they live on areas that are relatively untouched by rapidly changing socioeconomic systems

15
Q

Who can depend on forests

A

Some traditional/indigenous people

16
Q

What are forests a refuge for

A

The powerless and the poor

17
Q

Why is it easy for people to survive in forests and make a livelihood

A

Easy access to most forests

18
Q

What does the easy access to most forests mean

A

It makes it easier for people to survive there and form livelihoods

19
Q

ways forests can be used

A

hunting, gathering, cultivation, agriculture

20
Q

What are the 3 categories of forest-dependent people

A
  • Traditinal/indigenous
  • Non traditional but have long lived there
  • People who have been displaced and migrated to forests
21
Q

Power of people who live in or near forests

A

They tend to be politically weak or powerless

22
Q

What reinforces the political weakness of forest-dependent people

A

Their geographical distance from urban centres. in these centres political alliances favour forest conservation

23
Q

Wunder (2001)

A

Bringing together forest conservation and policy is unlikley

24
Q

Who argues that bringing together forest conservation and policy is unlikely

A

Wunder (2001)

25
Q

What has happened over the last several decades

A

Incomes have risen and forests have declined

26
Q

What is one method to achieve both poverty reduction and forest conservation

A

To focus on economic growth as this would reduce poverty, and then over time forest conservation will take place (this has happened in wealthy countries)

27
Q

Forest conservation in wealthy countries

A

Since 1950 agricultural intensification in Europe and North America has re-conserved 16 million ha of farmlands to forests

28
Q

What shouldn’t we assume

A

That less developed countries should follow in the footsteps of more developed ones

29
Q

What solution does this paper argue for

A

Site-level programs and projects

30
Q

What do people need to understand

A

People need to understand all positive and negative outcomes in terms of forest cover and human well-being