Urinary system

Question 1

What are the main organs of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Question 2

What are the primary functions of the urinary system?

Answer 2

Removes wastes from blood, regulates fluid/electrolyte balance, maintains pH, and forms urine.

Question 3

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 3

On either side of the vertebral column in the upper abdominal cavity (retroperitoneal)

Question 4

What are the main functions of the kidneys?

Answer 4

Filter blood, remove wastes, regulate blood volume, electrolytes, and pH

Question 5

What are the two main regions of the kidney?

Answer 5

Renal cortex (outer) and renal medulla (inner)

Question 6

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 6

A funnel-shaped cavity that collects urine and leads to the ureter

Question 7

What is a nephron?

Answer 7

The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine.

Question 8

What are the main parts of a nephron?

Answer 8

Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule.

Question 9

What is the function of the glomerulus?

Answer 9

Filters blood plasma to form filtrate.

Question 10

What is Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 10

A structure that surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate

Question 11

What are the three main processes of urine formation?

Answer 11

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion.

Question 12

What is glomerular filtration?

Answer 12

Movement of water and small solutes from blood into the nephron.

Question 13

What is tubular reabsorption?

Answer 13

Return of useful substances (glucose, water, ions) to the blood.

Question 14

What is tubular secretion?

Answer 14

Transfer of additional wastes from blood into the tubule.

Question 15

What is glomerular filtrate?

Answer 15

Fluid filtered from blood that eventually becomes urine.

Question 16

What regulates glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Answer 16

Blood pressure, hormones, and kidney autoregulation.

Question 17

Why is reabsorption important?

Answer 17

Prevents loss of essential nutrients and water.

Question 18

How do kidneys help maintain pH?

Answer 18

By excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate.

Question 19

What is the path of urine flow?

Answer 19

Kidney → ureter → bladder → urethra.

Question 20

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer 20

Transport urine from kidneys to bladder.

Question 21

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 21

Stores urine until elimination.

Question 22

What is the urethra?

Answer 22

Tube that carries urine out of the body.