Y12 design

Question 1

Describe the element of line

Answer 1

• a visual element of length
• created by setting a point in motion
• defines the position and direction of the design
• define shapes, convey mood, create perspective and define space

Question 2

describe the element of shape

Answer 2

• external form or outline of an image
• produced by the use of line, value, colour and/or texture

Question 3

describe the element of space

Answer 3

• the area within or between images or elements
• positive space: filled space
• negative space: empty space

Question 4

describe the element of texture

Answer 4

• surface quality of an object
• the feel, appearance, thickness or stickiness of a surface or a substance
• texture is captured in a two-dimensional place
• described using words like rough, silky, pebbly, smooth and shiny

Question 5

describe the element of colour

Answer 5

• hue: name of colour
• value: lightness or darkness of colour
• intensity: amount of pigment a colour has
• temperature: warm or cold colours

Question 6

describe the principle of balance

Answer 6

• elements of design are arranged to create the impression of equality in weight or importance or harmony of design and proportion
• symmetrically
• asymmetrically
• radial (elements are from a central point)

Question 7

describe the principle of emphasis

Answer 7

• special attention or importance given to one part of a work of art
• shape of darker value
• achieved through contrast and proportion

Question 8

describe the principle of dominance

Answer 8

• creates a focal point
• the more dominant an element, the more noticeable it’ll be
• the more dominant element will attract the eye and get noticed first

Question 9

describe the principle of unity

Answer 9

• Relationship among the elements that helps all the elements function together
• Gives a sense of oneness to a visual image
• Words/text and images work together to create a meaning
• Helps organising a visual image, facilitating interpretation and understanding
• Achieved by use of similar shapes
• Achieved by use of common pattern
• Achieved by use of common background

Question 10

describe the element of 3D form

Answer 10

• physical shape and dimensions of object within product or artwork

Question 11

what is typography

Answer 11

the style or appearance of text

Question 12

what does typeface mean and what are some questions to ask yourself

Answer 12

• font family
• limit typeface choices to 2 or 3 at most and use them in a consistent manner

some questions include
- is it easy to read?
- does it fit the style or tone?
- does it go well with the other typefaces?
- will it be used against a background colour?
- what sizes will it be used?
- will it be printed or read on screen?

Question 13

list and explain examples of typefaces

Answer 13

Serif
- has fine dashes at the end of each stroke
- helps guide the eye to the next letter and improve readability
- used for printed documents

Sans-serif
- typefaces without serifs, which is used for headings or small blocks of texts

Modern
- They have thick and thin strokes with flat serifs
- considered more elegant but less readable

Slab-serif
- square and larger, bolder than other typefaces
- best used for short tiles or headings that need impact

Script
- designed to imitate handwriting
- used for smaller blocks of text and kept for special occasions

Blackletter
- designed to resemble calligraphic hand writing
- makes it difficult to read, so should be used for special occasions

Display
- covers fonts that don’t fit into any other groups

Question 14

define readability

Answer 14

• how easy it is to read and comprehend words in short blocks of texts

Question 15

define legibility

Answer 15

• the length of time it takes a person to read a letter within a word, sentence or passage of writing

Question 16

what is contrast

Answer 16

• uses a combination that a really different to create visual interest
• headings, subheadings etc must stand out

Question 17

what is hierarchy

Answer 17

• information should be presented in levels of importance, which should be clearly organised by using a distinct contrast.

Question 18

what is type spacing

Answer 18

• the space between lines of text
• larger spacing can improve readability
• but too much spacing can make it look unrelated

Question 19

what are columns

Answer 19

• vertical blocks of texts
• breaks long passages into smaller blocks of texts that are reader-friendly
• avoid orphans and widows

Question 20

what are orphans

Answer 20

last line of a paragraph that appears in a new column

Question 21

what are widows

Answer 21

single words that appears on its own line

Question 22

explain about logical and hierarchical organisation of content

Answer 22

• user interface should be well set out and easy to follow, not cluttered
• it is important that content is arranged in away where users will understand and will be able to find the information they are looking for quickly

Question 23

explain about graphical user interface (gui) and what is WIMP

Answer 23

• visual way of interacting with electronic devices using elements
• presents information in an easy-to-understand manner, through windows, icons and menus

WIMP
Window - area on screen that displays information
Icon - small picture that represents objects
Menu - provides a list of choices to users
Pointer - onscreen symbol that represents movement of a device that the user controls to select windows, icons and menus

Question 24

what are some help features of gui

Answer 24

usability - people will be able to use the website more effectively
inclusivity - the design is inclusive of various different users
accessibility - the design is inclusive of features to help people with disabilities

Question 25

describe about interface design

Answer 25

- designing a good user interface is critical to success of a system - a well designed interface should contribute to learnability, efficiency, memorability, minimising errors and satisfaction

Question 26

list the features of design considerations (9 features)

Answer 26

- paying attention to patterns - staying consistent - KISS - visual hierarchy - providing feedback - be forgiving - empower your user - speak their language - currency

Question 27

describe about usability

Answer 27

- determines how easy it is to use a particular interface - categorised into 5 categories -> learnability -> efficiency -> memorability -> errors -> satisfaction

Question 28

describe about inclusion

Answer 28

- designed for all, usable for all, whatever their ability, age, situation, education, location, language etc.

Question 29

describe about accessibility

Answer 29

- focuses on people with disabilities, people with auditory, cognitive & neurological (nervous system problems) , physical, visual and speech impairments

Question 30

what is content format

Answer 30

- can be presented in different formats to match sensory needs or preferences of a person - some include auditory, tactile and visual

Question 31

what is the presentation of content

Answer 31

- content can be adjusted to make it easier to distinguish - making audio content to hear and visual content easier to see, combining them makes it easier to understand

Question 32

what is user interaction

Answer 32

- people use different approaches to enter text and activate commands

Question 33

what happens when people take longer to see and find content

Answer 33

- people navigate and find content differently - some people need clear guidance navigating websites

Question 34

what are some accessibility principles

Answer 34

- web content - any part of a website - user agents - software people use to access web content - authoring tools - software/services people use to produce web content

Question 35

what are some text alternatives for non-text context

Answer 35

- short equivalents for images - description of data represented on non-text content - brief description of content like audio, video etc

Question 36

what are captions and other alternative for multimedia

Answer 36

- people who cannot see media or hear audio - they could use things like -> text transcripts, and captions -> audio descriptions -> sign language

Question 37

what makes content easier to hear and see

Answer 37

- the colour shouldn't be the only way of conveying information - default foreground and background colours provide sufficient contrast - text is resizeable

Question 38

what is functionality when it comes to keyboards and mice

Answer 38

- most people don't use their mice and rely on their keyboard - sites must have things that supports keyboard interactions

Question 39

what does it mean by having enough time to read content

Answer 39

- some people require more time to function than others - examples to help this are including stop, extend and adjust timelimits and pause moving content

Question 40

what is navigation of content

Answer 40

- content needs to be easy to read and navigate - content must operate in a predictable and operable way - users should be helped to avoid mistakes/errors

Question 41

define reading gravity and list examples

Answer 41

- the idea that your eye follows a certain pattern when reading Gutenberg -> eye will sweep across and down the page Z-pattern -> follows the shape of the letter 'z' F-pattern -> eye sweeps less and less to the right of page

Question 42

what is form of content

Answer 42

- how the information is displayed, through layout, colours, typefaces etc.