1
Q
router
A
- forwards packets between networks
2
Q
switch
A
- connects devices within a lan
- receives messages from devices and transmits it to other devices
3
Q
patch panels
A
- organises network cables
4
Q
firewalls
what do they filter
key functions
A
- controls incoming and outgoing network traffic by analysing data packets
- hardware firewalls protects you from outside world
- software firewalls protects a specific device from other internal systems
filter
- ports, packets, ip addresses, domain names, protocols, keywords
key functions
- packet filtering, access control, network traffic monitoring, protection against threats
5
Q
modem
A
- modulates analogue systems into digital signals and back
- produces signals that can be transmitted easily and decoded easily
6
Q
network interface card
A
- connects a computer to the network
7
Q
wireless access points
A
- devices that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
- usually connects to or is part of a router
8
Q
bridge
A
- repeaters that send data from one network to another
- inspects incoming traffic and decides whether to forward or discard it
9
Q
802.11
characteristics
troubleshooting steps
A
- wifi
- characteristics
1. uses radio frequencies - troubleshooting steps
1. relocate WAP
2. change wifi channel
3. update firmware & network adapter drivers
10
Q
802.3
characteristics
troubleshooting steps
A
- ethernet
- transmits up to 10 Megabits per second
Characteristics
- wired connection, high reliability & speed
Trouble shooting steps
1. check physical connections
2. inspect cables
3. restart devices
4. check link lights
5. update drivers
6. test with different ports/device
11
Q
network protocols
A
- set of rules followed by a network
- define communications between two or more deivces
12
Q
TCP
A
- transmission control protocol
- provides reliable, ordered and error-checked delivery of data
- uses ‘three way handshake’
1. TCP assigns sequence number (SYN)
2. server acknowledges SYN, called SYN-ACK
3. client acknowledges SYN-ACK, called ACK
13
Q
IP
A
- internet protocol
- used to transmit data across a network
14
Q
TCP/IP
A
- set of communication protocols on the internet to interconnect devices
15
Q
HTTPS
A
- hypertext transfer protocol secure
- combination of HTTP with SSL (secure socket layer)
- means all communications between your browser and website are encrypted, through digital certificates and signatures
16
Q
public key
A
- every one can access it, used to encrypt and decrypt messages
17
Q
private keys
A
- only user can access it and encrypt/decrypt with it
18
Q
digital certificates
A
- electronic files that authenticate the identity of websites, individuals, organisations or devices
- uses a system of public and private keys to encrypt message, whilst owner keeps private key secret
- certificate contains public key used to encrypt message, whilst owner keeps private key secret
- issued by Certificate authorities (CA)
19
Q
digital signatures
A
- when you sign a document digitally, your encrypting a hash value of the document with the private key, which creates a digital signature that can be verified using public key (stored in digital certificate)
20
Q
authentication factors
A
- used to sign in to a network
knowledge factor - something user knows
possession factor - something user has
inherence factor/biometric factor - something inherent in user’s physical self
location factor - uses IP addresses or GPS data to prevent unauthorised access
21
Q
authentication: passwords
A
- the more complex a password is, the harder it is to guess
- create passwords that are long, contain upper and lowercase, numbers + special characters
22
Q
authentication: two-factor
A
- requires users to provide two forms of authentication to get access to an account/system
23
Q
secure router settings
A
- make complex router passwords, change router’s admin credentials, non-identifiable network name, hide SSID, keep router firmware up to date, use firewall etc
24
Q
setting access permissions
A
- they determine who can access what data and resources on a network
1. identify users and groups that need access to specific networks
2. assign appropriate permissions
3. use principles of least privilege - common access permissions include read, write, execute and full control
25
encryption
- protects private and personal data through unique codes that scramble data and make it unreadable to unauthorised users
- three types include symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid encryption
26
logging
- network logs provide a record of user activity
- allows network security professionals to monitor behaviour and identify any potential threats
- types include system logs, firewall logs and application logs
27
backups
- copy of computer data taken and stored somewhere else so it can be used to restore original after data loss event
28
anti-virus software
- type of software designed to detect, prevent and remove malicious software from devices
key functions include scanning, quarantine and removal, protection from threats
29
twisted pair cable
- ethernet cables
- consist of insulated copper wires twisted together
30
coaxial cable
- central copper conductor surrounded by insulating layer
- bulkier and more expensive than twisted pair
31
fibre optic cable
- transmits data using light signals through thin strans of glass
- often higher bandwidth , longer transmission distances compared to copper
32
advantages of wired networks
- reliability, speed & bandwidth, security, lower latency
33
disadvantages of wired networks
- setup complexity & cost, lack of mobility, cable management
34
advantages of wireless networks
- convenience, mobility, productivity, expandability and easier deployment
35
disadvantages of wireless networks
- interference, speed, security concerns and range limitations
ait
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