10.2 The Pharynx and Disorders of the Pharynx

Question 1

Where is the nasopharynx?

Answer 1

Between base of skull and start of soft palate

Question 2

What epithelium is found in the nasopharynx?

Answer 2

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 3

What does the nasopharynx contain?

Answer 3

Adenoids and eustachian tube orifice

Question 4

Where is the oropharynx?

Answer 4

Behind oral cavity. From soft palate to superior border of epiglottis

Question 5

What epithelium is found in the oropharynx?

Answer 5

Stratifies squamous epithelium

Question 6

What does the oropharynx contain?

Answer 6

Palatine tonsils

Question 7

What are the palatine tonsils?

Answer 7

Lymphoid tissue covered in squamous epithelium and encapsulated in large crypts.

Question 8

Where are the palatine tonsils found within the oropharynx?

Answer 8

Between the palatoglossal arch (anterior) and palatopharyngeal (posterior) arch

Question 9

What are the 4 types of lymph tissue which make up Waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 9

Pharyngeal
Tubal
Palatine
Lingual

Question 10

Where is the epiglottis?

Answer 10

Between superior border of epiglottis and inferior border of cricoid cartilage

Question 11

What type of epithelia is found in the laryngopharynx?

Answer 11

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

What does the laryngopharynx open up into posteriorly?

Answer 12

Oesophagus

Question 13

What does the laryngopharynx open up into anteriorly?

Answer 13

Trachea

Question 14

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

Answer 14

Maxillary nerve

Question 15

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the oropharynx?

Answer 15

Glossophayngeal nerve

Question 16

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?

Answer 16

Vagus nerve

Question 17

Which vessels supply the pharynx?

Answer 17

Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Maxillary

Question 18

What vessels drain the pharynx?

Answer 18

Pharyngeal venous plexus

Question 19

Name the 3 circular muscles around the pharynx

Answer 19

Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor

Question 20

What nerve innervates the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 20

Vagus

Question 21

Where do the constrictor muscles attach to posteriorly?

Answer 21

Anterior raphe

Question 22

What are the 2 parts of the inferior constrictor?

Answer 22

Thyropharyngeus

Cricopharyngeus

Question 23

Name the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

Answer 23

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

Question 24

Where is the pathway of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 24

Styloid process to pharynx

Question 25

Where is the pathway of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 25

Hard palate to pharynx

Question 26

Where is the pathway of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 26

Eustachian tube to pharynx

Question 27

Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 27

Glossophayngeal nerve

Question 28

Which nerve innervates the salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 28

Vagus nerve

Question 29

How is the pharynx involved with swallowing?

Answer 29

Food pushed from oral cavity to oropharynx Tongue and suprahyoid muscles pull hyoid and larynx up Soft palate elevates and nasopharynx is sealed off Superior constrictors contract Food bolus passes into laryngopharynx using middle and inferior constricters Cricopharyngeus relaxes

Question 30

What are the effects on enlarged adenoids?

Answer 30

``` Mouth breathing Hyponasal speech Breastfeeding difficulty Snoring Otitis media ```

Question 31

What is obstructive sleep apnoea?

Answer 31

Partial airway constriction when sleeping. Results in snoring and daytime tiredness

Question 32

What is an adenoidectomy?

Answer 32

Removal of the adenoids

Question 33

What is a tonsilectomy?

Answer 33

Removal of pallatine tonsils

Question 34

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

Answer 34

Posterior herniation of the pharyngeal mucosa through the gap between the 2 parts of the inferior constrictor muscle. Incoordination of swallowing, cricopharyngea spasms and bad breath