7.1 The Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards Preview

Semester 4- Head and Neck > 7.1 The Nose and Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Flashcards in 7.1 The Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Deck (27)
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1
Q

Name 4 functions of the nose

A

Smell
Humidify air
Respire
Eliminate paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

2
Q

Name the bones which make up the bony part of the nose

A

Nasal bone
Maxillary bones
Frontal bone

3
Q

Name the 2 cartilages found in the nose

A

Septal cartilage

Alar cartilage

4
Q

Why do fractures to the nose take a long time to heal?

A

Cartilage heals slowly due to a poor blood supply

5
Q

What is the medial wall of the nose made of?

A

Made of cartilage and bone

6
Q

What is the condition called when the medial septum of the nose undergoes necrosis?

A

Saddle nose deformity

7
Q

Describe the structure of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

3 bony plates called conchae leading to the opening into the nasal cavity

8
Q

What is the function of the conchae?

A

Create turbulent air flow which heats and humidifies the air

9
Q

Which 3 groups of structures drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Sinuses
Lacrimal apparatus
Middle ear

10
Q

Name the 3 structures which enter into the nasal cavity at the semilunar hiatus at the level of the middle meatus

A

Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Anterior ethmoidal sinus

11
Q

Name the structure which enters into the nasal cavity at the level of the superior meatus

A

Posterior ethmoidal sinus

12
Q

Name the 2 structures which enter into the nasal cavity at the level of the inferior meatus

A

Nasolacrimal duct

Eustachian tube

13
Q

What is the cribriform plate?

A

Part of the ethmoid bone with many perforations which allow fibres of the olfactory nerve to pass through

14
Q

Which structures pass through the sphenopalatine foramen?

A

Sphenopalatine artery
Nasopalatine nerve
Superior nasal nerve

15
Q

What is the incisive canal?

A

Pathway between the nasal cavity and oral cavity

16
Q

What structures pass through the incisive canal?

A

Nasopalatine nerve

Greater palatine nerve

17
Q

Which branches of the internal and external carotids supply the nose?

A

Ophthalmic artery
Maxillary artery
Facial artery

18
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nosebleeds

19
Q

Where is epitaxis most likely to occur?

A

Anterior nasal cavity known as Kiesselbach triangle

20
Q

Which nerve innervates the special sensory regions of the nose?

A

Olfactory nerve

21
Q

Which nerves give sensory innervation to the inner nose?

A

Ophthalmic nerve –> branches of nasocilliary nerve

Maxillary nerve –> nasopalatine nerve

22
Q

Which nerves give sensory innervation to the outer nose?

A

Infraorbital nerve

External nasal nerve

23
Q

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxillary

24
Q

How can infection pass from the frontal sinus to the maxillary sinus?

A

The opening of the frontal sinus is directly above the opening to the maxillary sinus

25
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa leading to swelling and increased volume of secretion

26
Q

What is a nasal polyp? What symptoms do they cause?

A

Side effect of chronic rhinitis. They can cause nasal obstruction leading to snoring and sleep apnoea

27
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the sinuses caused by infection.