define condensation polymerisation
joining of monomers with loss of small molecules usually water of HCL
what is needed in condensation polymerisation?
two different functional groups are needed
how do you form a polyester?
monomers are joined together by ester linkages in a long chain to form the polymer
what can polyesters be made from?
one monomer containing both a carboxylic acid and an alcohol or from two monomers one containing two carboxylic acid and one containing two alcohol groups
what are polyamides?
condensation polymers formed when monomers are joined together by amide linkages in a long chain to form a polymer
what can polyamides be made from?
one monomer containing both a carboxylic acid and an amine group or from two monomers, one containing two carboxylic groups and the other containing two amine groups
what can polyesters or polyamides be broken down with?
hydrolysed using hot aqueous alkali like sodium hydroxide or hot aqueous acid like HCl
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25.1 introducing benzene13
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25.2 electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene18
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25.3 the chemistry in phenol17
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25.4 directing groups16
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18.1 orders, rate equations and rate constants6
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18.2 concentration-time graphs13
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18.3 rate-concentration graphs and initial rates5
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26.1 carbonyl compounds18
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26.2 identifying aldehydes and ketones7
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26.3 carboxylic acids11
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26.4 carboxylic acid derivatives31
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19.1 the equilibrium constant Kc part 24
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19.2 the equilibrium constant Kp10
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19.3 controlling the position of equilibrium12
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27.1 amines25
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20.1 brønsted-lowry acid and bases6
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20.2 pH scale and strong acids6
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20.3 the acid dissociation constant Ka13
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20.4 pH of weak acids8
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20.5 pH and strong bases6
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21.1 buffer solutions13
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21.2 buffer solutions in the body7
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21.3 neutralisation11
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22.1 lattice enthalpy10
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27.2 amino acids, amides and chirality12
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27.3 condensation polymers7
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29.1 chromatography and functional groups analysis20
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29.2 NMR spectroscopy8
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29.3 Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy3
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22.2 enthalpy changes in solution10
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22.3 factors affecting lattice enthalpy and hydration9
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22.4 entropy13
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22.5 free energy9
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23.1 redox reactions5
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23.2 manganate (VII) redox titrations2
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23.3 iodine/thiosulfate redox titrations5
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23.4 electrode potentials22
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23.5 predictions from electrode potentials5
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23.6 storage and fuel cells14
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24.1 d-block elements16
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24.2 formation and shapes of complex ions14
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24.3 stereoisomerism in complex ions13
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24.4 ligand substitution and precipitation37
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24.5 redox and qualitative analysis13
