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BL/DD USMLE and Basics > BL- COAG 2 > Flashcards

BL- COAG 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Antithrombin: A serpin

A

serine protease inhibitor

inhibits coagulation

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2
Q

Does antithrombin only inhibit thrombin?

A

NO

2a and 10a also

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3
Q

A highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan

A commonly used anticoagulant

Acts as a cofactor for antithrombin

A

Heparin

Heparan sulfate, a related compound, produced by endothelial cells (masts and basos)

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4
Q

Another Vitamin K-dependent serine protease

Activated by thrombin

Inactivates Factor Va and Factor VIIIa

Protein S is a cofactor

A

Protein C

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5
Q

Factor V Leiden: A mutation of factor V that makes it resistant to ________ by protein C

A

inactivation

*“APC resistance.”

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6
Q

a small protein molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system.

A

Antithrombin

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7
Q

Protein C inactivates

A

Factor Va and Factor VIIIa

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8
Q

performs these operations primarily by proteolytically inactivating proteins Factor Va and Factor VIIIa.

A

Protein C

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9
Q

Common risk factor for venous thromboembolism

A

Factor V Leiden

A mutation of factor V
*“APC resistance.”

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10
Q

A proteinase inhibitor
Constitutively expressed by endothelial cells

Inhibits extrinsic tenase by binding and inactivating the complex

A

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)

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11
Q

Anticoagulation mechanisms

A
  • Antithrombin
  • Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)
  • Factor V Leiden
  • Protein C
  • Heparin
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12
Q

genetically inherited disorder of blood clotting. ___________ is a variant of human factor V that causes an increase in blood clotting (hypercoagulability)

A

Factor V Leiden

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13
Q

a single-chain polypeptide which can reversibly inhibit Factor Xa (Xa).

A

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)

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14
Q

a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic.[1] This process has two types

A

Fibrinolysis- Key enzyme: Plasmin

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15
Q

Plasmin

A

Derived from plasminogen through cleavage by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) or urokinase (u-PA)

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16
Q

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

A

Binds to t-PA and u-PA and inactivates them

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17
Q

an important enzyme present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, including fibrin clots.

A

Plasmin

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18
Q

serpin that functions as the principal inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), the activators of plasminogen and hence fibrinolysis (the physiological breakdown of blood clots).

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

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19
Q

important fibrin degreadation products

A

D Dimer

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20
Q

Inhibition of Fibrinolysis

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

a2- antiplasmin

thrombin- activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor

21
Q

a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin, an important enzyme that participates in fibrinolysis and degradation of various other proteins.

A

Alpha 2-antiplasmin

22
Q

An exopeptidase involved in Inhibition of Fibrinolysis

A

Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI)

23
Q

a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis.

A

D Dimer

24
Q

α2-Antiplasmin

A

Another serpin

Binds to plasmin and inactivates it

25
Q

____ is used in some cases of diseases that feature blood clots, such as pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke, in a medical treatment called thrombolysis

A

Therapeutic tPA

26
Q

In resting state, _______tends to prevent clotting

A

Endothelium

27
Q

Produces heparan sulfate

A

Endothelium Resting state

28
Q

Endothelium Exposure of tissue factor

A

With vessel damage, promotes clot formation

29
Q

Expresses thrombomodulin → protein C activation

A

Endothelium Resting state

30
Q

With vessel damage, _______promotes clot formation

A

Endothelium

31
Q

Release of von Willebrand factor from Weibel-Palade bodies of the endothelial cells

A

With vessel damage, endothilum promotes clot formation

32
Q

Expresses TFPI

A

Endothelium Resting state

33
Q

von Willebrand factor

A

a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis

primary function is binding to other proteins, in particular factor VIII, and it is important in platelet adhesion to wound sites

34
Q

Exposure of subendothelium, leading to platelet adhesion and activation

A

With vessel damage, endothilum promotes clot formation

35
Q

Binds to subendothelium via collagen, von Willebrand factor, and other proteins

A

Role of the platelet

36
Q

Forms a platelet plug at the site of injury

A

Role of the platelet

37
Q

Synthesizes t-PA and u-PA

A

Endothelium Resting state

38
Q

Release of substances that cause vasoconstriction

A

With vessel damage, endothilum promotes clot formation

39
Q

With activation, exposes anionic phospholipids that act as a surface for coagulation to take place

A

Role of the platelet

40
Q

Synthesizes PGI2 (prostacyclin) and nitric oxide → vasodilitation

A

Endothelium Resting state

41
Q

Releases multiple substrates for coagulation

A

Role of the platelet

42
Q

Metabolizes ADP (platelet agonist) to AMP + adenosine (platelet inhibitor)

A

Endothelium Resting state

43
Q

a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis

primary function is binding to other proteins, in particular factor VIII, and it is important in platelet adhesion to wound sites

A

Von Willebrand factor’s

44
Q

is Von Willebrand factor’s an enzyme?

A

No- It is NOT an enzyme and, thus, has no catalytic activity.

45
Q

dRVVT

A 
good if prolonged aPTT
activates factor 10 
if SLE (antiphoslipid) this test wont change
46
Q

APS

Antiphospholipid SLE

A

must ave positive AB panal 6 weeks apart in setting of miscarriage or thrombosis

47
Q

Labs for DIC

A 
Fibrinogen 
D-Dimer 
CBC
PT 
aPTT
48
Q

How do you ALWAYS treat DIC

A

Treat the underlying disorder

49
Q 
Prolonged PT
 Greatly prolonged PTT
 Prolonged thrombin time
 Low platelet count
 Low fibrinogen level
 Increased fibrin split products
 Increased D-dimer
A

Labs for DIC

BL/DD USMLE and Basics (55 decks)

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