Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BL/DD USMLE and Basics > Dermatology Review > Flashcards

Dermatology Review Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis layers

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Zones of the Dermis

A

Papillary dermis

  • upper layer
  • thin collagen bundles
  • interlocks with epidermal rete
  • increases strength
  • increases surface area

Reticular dermis

  • deeper layer
  • thick collagen bundles
  • visible elastic fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. Collagen – forms the tensile strength
  2. Elastic fibers – allow for resilience
  3. Ground substance – facilitates diffusion
A

Major constituents of the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acquired disorder of elastin

A

Solar elastosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Congenital disorder of elastin

A

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acquired blistering disorder of DEJ

A

Bullous pemphgoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Papillary dermis

  • upper layer
  • thin collagen bundles
  • interlocks with epidermal rete
  • increases strength
  • increases surface area

Reticular dermis

  • deeper layer
  • thick collagen bundles
  • visible elastic fibers
A

Zones of the Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Congenital blistering disorder of DEJ

A

Epidermolysis bullosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proximal Subungual White Onychomycosis/ Trichophyton rubrum

A

Associated with HIV disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major constituents of the dermis

A
  1. Collagen – forms the tensile strength
  2. Elastic fibers – allow for resilience
  3. Ground substance – facilitates diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • upper layer
  • thin collagen bundles
  • interlocks with epidermal rete
  • increases strength
  • increases surface area
A

Papillary dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • deeper layer
  • thick collagen bundles
  • visible elastic fibers
A

Reticular dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anagen Effluvium

A

Loss of growing hairs- Often due to chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Telogen Effluvium

A

Hairs go into resting cycle

May be due to medications, post partum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nummular Dermatitis

A

distinct, coin-shaped (nummular) or oval sores on their skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A

An itchy inflammation of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

A skin condition that causes scaly patches and red skin, mainly on the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Irritant Dermatitis

A

is inflammation of the skin typically manifested by erythema, mild edema, and scaling.

Irritant contact dermatitis is a nonspecific response of the skin to direct chemical damage that releases mediators of inflammation predominately from epidermal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Four Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Type I: Anaphylactic Reactions
Type II: Cytotoxic Reactions
Type III: Immune Complex Reactions
Type IV: Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Involves reactions to circulating antigens
Antibodies bind antigen and form immune complexes which deposit in organs
These immune complexes activate complement and cause damage due to inflammatory cascade
Example: serum sickness reactions

A

Type III: Immune Complex Reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Langerhans cells are the antigen presenting cell
Memory T cells then become sensitized to locally deposited antigens
Local reaction occurs and this does not involve antibodies

A

Type IV: Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

__________ produce IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-beta, evoke cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent inflammation

A

Th1 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

______ produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13, and evoke strong Ab responses (IgE) with eosinophil accumulation

A

Th2 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Impetigo

A

yellow/honey crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Diagnosis requires 2 or more of the following criteria

A
  1. 6+ café au lait macules
  2. 2+neurofibromas, or 1 plexiform neurofibroma
  3. Axillary or inguinal freckling (Crowe’s sign)
  4. Optic glioma
  5. Two or more Lisch nodules
  6. thinning of the long bone cortex
  7. FDR with the disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis“Barnacles of Life”

A

Primary lesion
Color- white to gray to tan to brown to black
Exophytic papule- “stuck-on appearance”
Smooth to verrucous
Often friable
Surface often studded with small pits (pseudohorncysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Growth patterns of moles

A

Intradermal nevus
Junctional nevus
Compound nevus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Malignant Melanoma

ABCDE Guidelines

A 
A = Asymmetry
B = Border irregularity 
C = Color variation 
D = Diameter greater 	than 6 mm
E = Evolution (or 	change)
The Ugly Ducklin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  1. 6+ café au lait macules
  2. 2+neurofibromas, or 1 plexiform neurofibroma
  3. Axillary or inguinal freckling (Crowe’s sign)
  4. Optic glioma
  5. Two or more Lisch nodules
  6. thinning of the long bone cortex
  7. FDR with the disorder
A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Diagnosis requires 2 or more of the following criteria

30
Q

UVR Effects on the Skin

A
  • Damage to DNA, RNA, lipids, proteins
  • Pro-inflammatory effects
  • Immunosuppressive effects
  • Induction of innate defenses
  • Induction of apoptosis
  • Vitamin D synthesis
31
Q

Photodermatoses

A

Connective Tissue Disease

Lupus Erythematosus
Dermatomyositis
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD or Sharp’s Syndrome

32
Q

Acanthosis NigricansTREATMENT

A

Treat the underlying disorder

Keratolytics such as ammonium lactate or urea cream

33
Q

Dermatomyositis

CLINICAL

A

Photodistributed, violaceous poikiloderma
Favors scalp, periocular and extensor skin sites
Heliotrope = Eruption on the upper eyelids +/- periorbital edema

34
Q

Samitz sign

A

= ragged cuticles

*DermatomyositisCLINICAL

35
Q

Gottron’s papules

A

lichenoid papules overlying knuckles, elbows, knees

DermatomyositisCLINICAL

36
Q

Dermatomyositis- MALIGNANCY

A

Age appropriate malignancy screen including: mammogram, CXR, colonoscopy, PAP smear, PSA, CBC

37
Q

Skin Defenses Against Ultraviolet Radiation

A
  • DNA Repair
  • Apoptosis of Cells with DNA Damage
  • Defenses Against Reactive Oxygen
  • Melanin
38
Q

Ointments vs. creams

A

To lubricate, creams must be applied every 2 hours; ointments only every 12 hours

Creams require preservatives that may cause contact irritation or allergy

39
Q

Pyoderma Gangrenosum- TREATMENT

A

Conservative wound care

AVOID SURGERY AND DEBRIDEMENT

Oral and topical anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids

40
Q

Purple, polygonal, pruritic papules

Wickham’s striae: an overlying lace-like pattern of white lines on the surface

A

Lichen Planus

41
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease relates to?

A

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

42
Q

Acanthosis NigricansASSOCIATIONS

A

Familial: AD, rare, onset in childhood
Obesity
Diabetes mellitus: Insulin Resistance
Endocrinopathies

43
Q

Macule

A

flush

less 1 cm

44
Q

Papule

A

solid
raised
less 1 cm

45
Q

Lichen PlanusASSOCIATIONS

A

Hepatitis C
Prevalence of HCV was 2-13.5 fold higher in patients with LP than with controls
In one study, 12 of 22 pts (55%) with LP were HCV positive

46
Q

Patch

A

flush

>1 cm

47
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans- MALIGNANCY

A

Malignancies include adenocarcinoma of the stomach (60%), lung and breast cancer

48
Q

Wickham’s striae:

A

an overlying lace-like pattern of white lines on the surface

49
Q

Plaque

A

raised

larger than 1 cm

50
Q

Nodule

A

cystic elevation greater 1 cm

51
Q

Bulla

A

circumscribed
elevated
clear/bloody fluid
> 1cm

52
Q

Scale

A

flakes on skin surface

53
Q

Tumor

A

solid/cystic elevation over 2 cm

54
Q

Vesicle

A

circumscribed
elevated
clear/bloody fluid
< 1cm

55
Q

Flat area of color change

Less than 1.0 cm

A

Flat: Macule

56
Q

Atrophy

A

depression on skin surface

loss of epi/dermis

57
Q

Flat area of color change

Greater than 1.0 cm

A

Flat: Patch

58
Q

Discrete, solid, elevated body
Less than 1.0 cm in diameter
May be further classified by surface change
Scale, Crust

A

Papule

59
Q

Erosion

A

depression with loss of epidermis

60
Q

Pustule

A

vesicle containing purulent exudate

61
Q

Ulceration

A

loss of at least some of dermis

62
Q

Crust

A

dried exudate

63
Q

Wheal

A

circumscribed flat top
firm elevation
well demarkated
palpable

64
Q

Solid, flat-topped, elevated area of skin
Greater than 1.0 cm and broader than thick
May be further classified by surface change

A

Plaque

65
Q

Firm and well-defined lesion
May be dermal or subcutaneous
Greater than 1.0 cm

A

Nodule

66
Q

Fluid filled cavity or elevation
Form within or just below epidermis
Less than 1.0 cm in diameter

A

Vesicle

67
Q

Fluid filled “blister”

Greater than 1.0 cm in diameter

A

Bulla

68
Q

Circumscribed elevation that contains pus
Less than 1.0 cm in diameter
Color usually whitish-yellow

A

Pustule

69
Q

Individuals with truncation mutations in the gene coding for filaggrin are strongly predisposed to a severe form of dry skin,________, and/or eczema.

A

ichthyosis vulgaris

70
Q

Guttate psoriasis is associated with _____

A

strep infection

BL/DD USMLE and Basics (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions