Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BL/DD USMLE and Basics > BL- Immunohemotology ABO/Rh > Flashcards

BL- Immunohemotology ABO/Rh Flashcards

1
Q

Red cells do not carry MHC antigens in humans, and the antigens they do carry are much less __________ in the population

A

polymorphic

(that is, many fewer alleles).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

H substance

A

Sugar on all red cells

*this is all O has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____________catalyse the transfer of activated carbohydrate moieties from donor molecules to an acceptor molecule.

A

Glycosyltransferases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Red cells do not carry:

A

MHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A-morph

A

gene that does not code for protein

The O allele is an “amorph;”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_________assemble the basic “core” sugar chain which almost everybody has, it is called
the “H” antigen.

A

Glycosyltransferases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Group A blood have a glycosyl transferase allele which puts an additional sugar on the H antigen, and people who are B have a different allelic form of this enzyme which adds a___________

A

different sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

There are some people who lack the transferase gene that puts the final sugar on the “core”, and thus do not express even the H antigen, so there is no substrate for the A or B glycosyltransferases to modify.

Blood type?

A

This is the Bombay phenotype (Oh,) and it is rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can bombay blood groups have blood transfusions?

A

only from Bombay, cannot accept O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Group A and B blood group genotypes can include

A

O geneotype

ex: you may be AA or AO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A blood make anit____

A

anti b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

B blood make anit___

A

anti a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

O blood make anit___

A

anti a and anti b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AB blood make anit___

A

Nothing, no anti’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bombay makes anti_____

A

everything, A B O

Needs xfuision from bombay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The second most important blood group system is _______, so called because it was discovered by workers studying rhesus monkeys.

A

Rh

17
Q

Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If your blood has the protein, you’re Rh positive — the most common Rh factor. If your blood lacks the protein, you’re Rh _____

A

negative

18
Q

ISOHEMAGGLUTININS

A

substances that agglutinate the red blood cells of others of the same species, are also found in humans.

Thus, there are four main blood groups, which differ with respect to two antigens, A and B, in the red blood cells and two isohemagglutinins, anti-A and anti-B, in the serum. T

19
Q

Isohemagglutinins are of the______class

A

IgM

Must be IgM due to placenta crossing

20
Q

Dd

A

important Rh protin
D= intact
d= amorph

21
Q

DD

A

Rh +

22
Q

Dd

A

Rh+

23
Q

dd

A

Rh -

24
Q

Rh - makes AB against

A

Rh + blood

25
Q

Red cells live

A

120 days

26
Q

Do people get blood transfusions for volume?

A

No

27
Q

If there is no hemolysis or agglutination, the blood and the recipient are considered _______

A

“compatible”

28
Q

Do we give whole blood?

A

Generally not, because plasma stuffs can react to recipient cells

We usually give just RBCs

29
Q

is there antibody already on these cells I am

interested in? You rinse off the cells and add antiglobulin to find out.

A

direct antiglobulin test (DAT)

The direct test detects cells
that were coated with antibody in vivo.

30
Q

is there unexpected antibody to red cell antigens in the plasma of this potential recipient?

take red cells, add the plasma, rinse the cells, and then add antiglobulin.

If cells agglutinate, must have been AB to them in the plasma, because antiglobulin alone won’t react

A

indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)

31
Q

IgG attack the RBC in the fetal circulation; the red blood cells are broken down and the fetus can develop reticulocytosis and anemia.

occurs in Rh(D)+ babies of Rh(D)- mothers

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

32
Q

A newborn has a high bilirubin. He’s Rh(D)+
and mother is Rh(D)-

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is possible, but there are other causes of:

A

hyperbilirubinemia

33
Q

HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN (HDN) Rx

A

Give mother IgG antibody to Rh(D) Rh-immune globulin

basically causing autoimmune destruction of the AB you do not want

34
Q

RhoGAM

A

used to prevent the immunological condition known as Rh disease (or hemolytic disease of newborn).

35
Q

medicine is a solution of IgG anti-D (anti-RhD) antibodies that take out any fetal RhD-positive erythrocytes which have entered the maternal blood stream from fetal circulation, before maternal immune system can react to them, thus preventing maternal sensitization

A

RhoGAM

36
Q

Anti-Rh antibodies are usually IgG (being anti-proteins), and do cross the:

A

placenta

37
Q

HETEROPHILE ANTIBODIES

A

antibodies induced by external antigens

Some cross-react with self-antigens. For example, in rheumatic fever

38
Q

RhoGAM is a solution of IgG anti-D (anti-RhD) antibodies that take out any fetal RhD-positive erythrocytes which have entered the maternal blood stream from fetal circulation, before maternal immune system can react to them, thus preventing _________

A

maternal sensitization

BL/DD USMLE and Basics (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions