Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection and Immunity > Week 4 - Healthcare infections > Flashcards

Week 4 - Healthcare infections Flashcards

1
Q

What % of patients get HCI?

A

-8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do HCI have economic impact on NHS?

A

-If the pt stay is extended over the trimpoint then NHS does not get paid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the mose commonly acquired HCI?

A
  • C.diff

- Norovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the most common healthcare viruses?

A
  • Norovirus causing gastroenteritis

- Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is norovirus spread?

A

-Faecal-oral, person-person, aerosolization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What virus causes winter vomiting infection?

A

-Norovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for norovirus?

A
  • Usually self-limiting

- Fluid resuscitation in extreme cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is MRSA?

A

-Methicillin-Resistant staphylococcus Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does MRSA have a high mortality?

A

-Develops in hard to treat places eg Heart valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the common signs of C diff infection?

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Fever
  • Abdo cramp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is c.diff associated with hospitals?

A

-It is a spore-forming bacteria which can survive on objects and surfaces in harsh conditions which are then ingested and become vegetative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the gram status of E.coli and Klebsiella?

A

-Gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When are fungi seen in healthcare infections?

A

-In the immunocomprimised patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What people are at risk of getting HCI?

A
  • Extremes of age
  • Smoker
  • Surgical patient
  • Emergency admission
  • Immunocomprimised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are premature babies at risk of HCI?

A
  • Poorer immune system

- Decreased skin quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What patient factors can you apply to prevention and control of HCI?

A
  • Interactions with other patients, HCP, visitors
  • MRSA screen and antimicrobial prophylaxis if appropriate
  • Disinfectant bodywash
  • Optimise patient conditions eg decrease smoking, increase nutrition
  • Isolation of infected patients/protection of susceptible patients
  • Barrier nursing
17
Q

What pathogen factors can you apply to preventing and controlling HCI? Use C.diff as an example

A
  • Virulence factors affect prevention and control eg c.diff is opportunistic and toxin production is in the stationary phase so the infection is not recognised until well established and already contagious
  • High virulence -> single use equipment
18
Q

What practice factors can you apply to prevention and control?

A
  • HCP training on prevention and control

- Government policies and their implementation eg hand hygiene

19
Q

What place factors can you apply to prevention and control?

A
  • Space/layout of toilets and handwash basins
  • Furniture and furnishings to be easy clean, disinfectant use
  • Medical devices for single use only or to be sterilised
  • Good food hygiene and kitchen facilities
20
Q

What would you do if someone is highly infectious in hospital?

A
  • Isolation room with toilet/commode
  • PPE including apron and gloves
  • Barrier nursing
21
Q

Why is the use of some antibiotics liked to c.diff infections? Which abx?

A
  • Reduce the number of normal flora giving C diff the opportuity to grow
  • Ceftriaxone
22
Q

What toxins are produced by c.diff? How do they infer virulence?

A
  • Enterotoxin A -> alters the permeability of the intestinal wall (inflammation)
  • Cytotoxin B -> cytotoxic to cells
23
Q

What is the gram status of C.diff?

A

-Gram positive bacilli

24
Q

Name some other clostridium species apart from C.diff

A
  • C. tetani
  • C.Pefringes
  • C.botulinum
25
Q

Why is india associated with high rates of antibiotic resistance?

A

-Abx are available over the counter and there is no prescription control resulting in over-use of abx and non-compliance

26
Q

What are the complications associated with norovirus?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Malnutrition
  • Death
27
Q

What is a healthcare infection?

A

-Infections arising as a consequence of providing/receiving healthcare which is neither present nor incubating at time of admission (ie onset must be after 48 hours)

Infection and Immunity (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions