Week 6 - Case studies

Question 1

What would the following results indicate:
Temp 39.2
Pulse 130
BP 80/40
WBC 2.3 x 10^9
Creatinine 420

Answer 1

-Severe sepsis with AKI

Question 2

What factors are considered when choosing an antibiotic?

Answer 2

• Severity of infection
• Site of infection
• Likely pathogen
• Route of administration
• Side effects

Question 3

Give the bacteria which is group A streptococci

Answer 3

-Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 4

What is the gram stain of s.pyogenes?

Answer 4

-Gram positive

Question 5

What is b-haemolysis and how does this aid virulence?

Answer 5

• Completely lyses RBCs

- Extract nurtients from RBC to aid growth

Question 6

In what arrangement are streptococci commonly?

Answer 6

-Chains

Question 7

In which age group does Group B strep causes meningitis?

Answer 7

-Neonates

Question 8

Give an example of alpha haemolytic strep

Answer 8

-S.pneumoniae

Question 9

Describe the main virulence factors of S.pyogenes

Answer 9

• M proteins in cell wall which are essential for infectivity
• Exotoxins cause cell lysis and a rash
• Streptokinase to lyse clots

Question 10

Which antibiotic classes are active against streptococci?

Answer 10

• B-lactams
• Glycopeptides
• Some macrolides and tetracyclines

Question 11

In what arrangement is staphylococcus commonly?

Answer 11

-Clusters

Question 12

What are the two groups of staphylococci?

Answer 12

• Staph aureus (coag-pos)

- Coag neg staph

Question 13

What antibiotics are active against staph?

Answer 13

• Flucloxacllin
• Cephalosporins
• Co-amoxiclav
• Glycopeptides eg vancomycin

Question 14

What antibiotic is commonly used for MRSA?

Answer 14

-Vancomycin

Question 15

What most commonly causes cellulitis?

Answer 15

-Staphylococcus aureus