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Anatomy > Clinical Relevance Of The Gag Reflex 2 > Flashcards

Clinical Relevance Of The Gag Reflex 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What si the pharynx involved in

A 
Breathing 
Speaking 
swallowing 
Coughing 
Sneezing 
Vomiting 
Gagging
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2
Q

What is aspiration

A

Inhalation of solid/liquid into lungs
Usually fragments of teeth, amalgam material

Pharynx protects against this

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3
Q

What are the parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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4
Q

What si the nasopharynx

A

Posterior to nasal cav
Base sphenoid bone down soft palate
Pharyngeal tonsils

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5
Q

Where si the oropharynx

A

Behind oral cav

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6
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx

A

Form sup border of epiglottis and rus down and meets oes starts about c6

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7
Q

What are the components of the RESP tract

A

Nasal cav
Oral cav
Larynx
Trachea

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8
Q

What si the alimentary canal

A

Oral cav
Oesophagus
Pathway for food

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9
Q

What are the layers form the pharynx to the vertebrae

A 
Pharynx 
Pharyngeal muscle 
Buccooharyngeal fascia 
Alar fascia 
Retropharyngeal space 
Prevertebral fascia 
Prevertebral muscle 
Vertebra
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10
Q

Why is the retropharyngeal space of importance

A

Let’s pharynx and larynx move relative to vertebrae
Clinically imp as adipose tissue and lymphatics
May cause spread of infection

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11
Q

What are the external muscles of the pharynx

A

Circular muscles

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12
Q

How are the circular muscles related to eachother

A

Overlap eachother

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13
Q

Are circular muscles vol or invol

A

Vol

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14
Q

What is unusual about the contraction of the circular muscles

A

Sequential

Invol

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15
Q

What innervates the circular muscles

A

Vagus

Pharyngeal plexus

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16
Q

Where do the circular muscles insert onto

A

The midline raphe

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17
Q

What si the fascia between the superior circular muscle and the occipital bone

A

Pharyngo- basilar fascia

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18
Q

What a re the circular muscles

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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19
Q

What are the attachments of the superior circular muscles

A

Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe
Mylohyoid line

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20
Q

What are the attachments of the Middle circular muscle

A

Greater horn of sphenoid

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21
Q

What a re the attachments of the inferior circular muscle

A 
Thyroid cartilage ( oblique line) 
Cricoid cartilage
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22
Q

What are the gaps between the circular muscles

A

Gateway to the mouth

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23
Q

What travels through the gateway to the mouth

A

Lingual artery
Stylophafyngeus
Glossopharyngeal nerve

24
Q

What are the the internal muscles of the pharynx

A

Longitude dinar

25
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

Stylophafyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

26
Q

What is the different longitudinal muscle

A

Stylophafyngeus

27
Q

Where does the stylophafyngeus insert from and travel through

A

Form styloid process

Travel through gateway to the mouth with Glossopharyngeal nerve

28
Q

What innervates the stylophafyngeus

A

Only one supplied by Glossopharyngeal

29
Q

Where does the cricopharungeaus connect from

A

Connect from soft palate

30
Q

Where does the salpingopharyngeus connect form and what is it made from

A

Opening of auditory tube

Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube

31
Q

Where do all longitudinal muscles insert onto

A

Posterior border of thyroid cartilage and wall of pharynx

32
Q

What si the action of the longitudinal muscles to the pharynx and larynx

A

Elevate

33
Q

What innervates the salpingopharyngeus and cricopharungeaus

A

Vagus

34
Q

What kind of cartilage is the epiglottis

A

Elastic

35
Q

What si the valeculla

A

Depression between posterior base of tongue and epiglottis

36
Q

What a re choana

A

Holes spaces lead to nasal cav

37
Q

What si the uvula

A

Muscularis uvulae
Dangle
Skeletal muscle

38
Q

What are trh pisiform fossa

A

Spaces depressions either side of larynx

39
Q

What sit he laryngeal inlet

A

Beginning of the larynx

40
Q

What composes the pharyngeal plexus

A

Nerve fibres form vagus and Glossopharyngeal, symp axons and parasymp axons

41
Q

What are the MAIN motor and sensory contributions to the pharyngeal okexus

A

Motor mainly vagus

Sensory mainly Glossopharyngeal

42
Q

What supplies the motor innervation to the muscle of the pharynx

A

All vagus excluding stylophafyngeus which is innervated by Glossopharyngeal

43
Q

What innervates the mucosa of the pharynx

A

Mainly Glossopharyngeal
Parts nasopharynx V2
Parts laryngopharynx vagus

44
Q

What si the sensory innervation of the nasopharynx

A

V2 just anterior and superior to auditory tube

Glossopharyngeal

45
Q

What si the sensory innervation of the oropharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal

Tonsilar fossa and posterior tongue

46
Q

What is the sensory of the laryngopharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal just SUPEIROR to epiglottis

Vagus

47
Q

What kind of reflex is the gag reflex

A

Protective

48
Q

What nerves does the gag reflex stimulate

A

Mainly Glossopharyngeal
Post 1/3rd tongue
Tonsils
Wall oropharynx

49
Q

What does the gag reflex attempt to do

A

Close off oropharynx before laryngopharynx

50
Q

What are the muscles involved in the gag reflex

A

Constructors if the pharynx
Longitudinal muscles of pharynx
Tongue soft palate

51
Q

What is the first step of swallowing

A

Food bolus squeezed to back of mouth

Tongue against palate

52
Q

What is the second stage of swallowing

A

Nasopharynx closed off
Larynx elevated
Pharynx enlarged to recieve bolus

53
Q

What si the third stage of swallowing

A

Pharyngeal constructors contract sequentially

Epiglottis deflects bolus

54
Q

What si the final stage of swallowing

A

Bolus moves into oes

55
Q

What is the pharynx

A

Space that connects mouth/nose above to the larynx

Mouth to the oes

Anatomy (44 decks)

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