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Head and Neck > Neck (2) > Flashcards

Neck (2) Flashcards

1
Q

anterior, posterior, superior, apex, roof, and floor of ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

anterior - anterior median line
posterior - SCM
superior - inferior border of the mandible
apex - jugular notch
roof - subcutaneous fascia and platysma
floor - pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

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2
Q

subdivided triangles of the ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

A
  • carotid triangle
  • submandibular triangle
  • submental triangle
  • muscular triangle
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3
Q

origin, insertion, innervation, action of MYLOHYOID M

A

origin - mylohyoid line of mandible
insertion - median raphe and hyoid bone
innervation - nerve to mylohyoid (V3)
action - raises floor of oral cavity

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4
Q

origin, insertion, innervation, action of DIGASTRIC M

suprhyoid m

A

origin - mastoid process
insertion - anteromedial aspect of mandible
innervation - posterior belly (facial nerve (CN VII)), anterior belly (V3, nerve to mylohyoid)
action - stabilizes, raises, and anterior/posterior movement of anterior and posterior belly of hyoid bone

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5
Q

origin, insertion, innervation, action of GENIOHYOID M

suprahyoid m

A

origin - genial tubercle of mandible
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - C1, nerve to geniohyoid
action - raises hyoid bone

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6
Q

origin, insertion, innervation, action of STYLOHYOID M

suprhyoid m

A

origin - styloid process
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - facial nerve (CN VII)
action - moves hyoid posteriosuperiorly

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7
Q

origin, insertion, innervation, action of THYROHYOID M

infrahyoid m

A

origin - oblique line of thyroid cartilage
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - nerve to thyrohyoid (C1)
action - lowers hyoid bone or raises thyroid cartilage or stabilizes both structures during vocalization

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8
Q

origin, insertion, innervation, action of STERNOHYOID M

infrahyoid m

A

origin - posterior aspect of manubrium of sternum
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
action - lowers hyoid bone or stabilizes hyoid during vocalization and depression of the mandible

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9
Q

origin, insertion, innervation, action of STERNOTHYROID M

infrahyoid m

A

origin - manubrium
insertion - oblique line of thyroid cartilage
innervation - ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
action - lowers thyroid cartilage or stabilizes same during vocalization and depression of the mandible

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10
Q

origin, insertion, innervation , action of OMOHYOID M

infrahyoid m

A

origin - superior border of scapula
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
action - superior belly lowers hyoid bone or may stabilize hyoid from below

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11
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • mylohyoid
  • diagstric
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12
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A
  • thyrohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • omohyoid
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13
Q

muscles relaxed and contracted in SWALLOWING

A

relaxed - infrahyoids

contracted - suprahyoids

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14
Q

muscles contracted in JAW OPENING

A

infra and suprahyoids by stabilizing hyoid bone

mainly supra’s

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15
Q

muscles during vocalization

A

supra and infrahyoids alternate between contracting and relaxing
(dependent upon sounds made)

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16
Q

major contents of the SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE

A
  • submandibular salivary gland
  • facial vein and submandibular lymph nodes
  • facial artery
  • hypoglossal nerve
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17
Q

major contents of SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE

A
  • submental lymph nodes
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18
Q

major contents of MUSCULAR TRIANGLE

A
  • infrahyoid muscles
  • lower part of larynx
  • upper trachea
  • thyroid
  • parathyroid glands
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19
Q

two lobes (L and R) of the thyroid gland are united in the midline by the

A

isthmus

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20
Q

remnant of the embryological thyroglossal duct

A

pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland

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21
Q

what two arteries supply the thyroid gland

A

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Salfop

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22
Q

four in number (two on each side), are located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid glands

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23
Q

a small protein that takes part in the control of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis

A

parathyroid hormone

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24
Q

superior, inferior, posterior, and floor of CAROTID TRIANGLE

A

inferior - superior belly of omohyoid
superior - posterior belly of digastric
posteriorly - SCM
floor - thyrohyoid, hypoglossus and middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx

25
Q

major contents of CAROTID TRIANGLE

A
  • common carotid (split to internal and external carotid)
  • internal jugular vein
  • hypoglossal n (CN 12)
  • accessory n (CN 11)
  • vagus n (CN 10)
26
Q

which carotid vessel is more lateral

A

internal carotid artery - more lateral

external carotid artery - more medial

27
Q

baroreceptors to monitor blood pressure are located here

A

carotid sinus

28
Q

branches of the aortic arch

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk (divides into: R common carotid a, R subclavian a)
  • L common carotid a
  • left subclavian a
29
Q

common carotid artery motor and sensory innervation

A

sensory - glossopharyngeal n (CN IX)

motor - vagus n (CN X)

30
Q

highly vascularized are between internal and external carotid arteries just above the bifurcation

A

carotid body

31
Q

ophthalmic branch supplies the forehead and anastomoses with facial and superficial temporal a

A

internal carotid a

32
Q

SALFOP SUPER T MAX

A

branches of the external carotid a

33
Q

names of SALFOP ST M

A
  • superior thyroid a (superior laryngeal a)
  • ascending pharyngeal a
  • lingual a
  • facial a
  • occipital a (pinned down by hypoglossal n)
  • posterior auricular a
  • superficial temporal a
  • maxillary a
34
Q

these two veins come together to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

internal jugular and subclavian v

35
Q
  • parallel with external jugular vein
  • receive drainage mainly from occipital nodes, retro auricular nodes and parotid nodes, with some drainage from anterior cervical nodes
A

superficial cervical nodes

36
Q
  • parallel with internal jugular vein

- receive drainage from superficial face and deep structures through submandibular, submental, and jugulodigastric nodes

A

deep cervical nodes

37
Q

lies just below the posterior belly of digastric m

A

jugulodigastric node

38
Q

terminates at the junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein (lymphatics of the neck)

A

R jugular trunk/lymphatic duct

39
Q

enters thoracic duct just before it enters the venous system at the junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

A

L jugular trunk

40
Q

drains left head and neck, left trunk and upper extrem, entire abdomen and lower body

A

thoracic duct

41
Q

T/F all lymph must pass through at least one node before entering the venous system

A

true

42
Q

drains the right head and neck, right upper extrem and right thorax

A

R lymphatic duct

43
Q

branches of the Vagus n (CN X)

A
  • pharyngeal n
  • superior laryngeal n (internal and external laryngeal n)
  • cardiac plexus n
  • recurrent laryngeal n (R loops behind subclavian a, L loops behind the aortic arch)
44
Q

glossopharyngeal n (CN IX) motor and sensory

A

motor - stylopharyngeus, parotid gland

sensory - tast (post 1/3 tongue), pharynx, tonsilar sinus, pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear cavity

45
Q 
Vagus n (CN X) 
motor and sensory
A

motor - palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, heart, GI tract to the left
sensory - pharynx, larynx; reflex for bronchial tree, lungs, heart, GI tract to left

46
Q

spinal accessory n (CN XI)

motor

A

SCM, trapezius

47
Q 
hypoglossal n (CN XII)
motor
A

all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

48
Q

what nerve crosses anterior to scalene muscles

A

phrenic nerve

49
Q

large ganglion supplies structures of the head via internal carotid plexus, also superior cardiac nerves

A

superior cervical ganglion (C1-C4)

50
Q

supplies the thyroid gland and middle cardiac nerve, runs with external carotid artery and its branches thereby effect vasoconstriction

A

middle cervical ganglion (C5-C6)

51
Q

fuses with thoracic region to form stellate ganglion, nerves from here run to the heart

A

inferior cervical ganglion (C7-C8)

52
Q

lesion of the sympathetic chain pathway will result in

A

horner’s syndrome

  • pupil constriction
  • dry face
  • vasodilation
  • “ptosis syndrome”
53
Q

brachial plexus - lateral cord

A

lateral pectoral, musculocutaneous, median

54
Q

brachial plexus - medial cord

A

medial pectoral, ulnar, median, medial brachial, medial antebrachial

55
Q

brachial plexus - posterior cord

A

axillary, radial, upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal

56
Q

brachial plexus - supraclavicular branches

A
  • dorsal scapular
  • suprascapular
  • long thoracic
  • n to subclavius
57
Q

structures within the superior thoracic aperture

A
  • thoracic duct
  • vagus nerve
  • phrenic nerve
  • brachial plexus
  • recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • subclavian arteries and veins
  • common carotid arteries
  • sympathetic chain
  • apices of the L and R lungs
58
Q

what is the major artery of the lateral neck

A

subclavian artery

59
Q

VIT C sometimes D

subclavian artery branches

A
  • vertebral
  • internal thoracic
  • thyrocervical trunk
    - inferior thyroid
    - transverse cervical
    - suprascapular
    - ascending cervical
  • costocervical trunk
    - supreme intercostal
    - deep cervical
  • dorsal scapular

Head and Neck (7 decks)

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