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Head and Neck > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

help focus and direct air pressure waves through external auditory meatus to the middle ear

A

external ear

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2
Q

associated ossicles and muscles fine tun and amplify the vibrations of air

A

middle ear

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3
Q

contains organs of hearing and balance

A

inner ear

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4
Q

transduces vibrations of the basilar membrane into action potentials, which are then relayed to the cortex and perceived as sound/hearing

A

cochlea

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5
Q

three main components of the vestibular system

A

semicircular canals, saccule, and utricle

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6
Q

tranduces acceleration forces of the fluids (endolymph) into action potentials, which are relayed to the cortex and perceived as movements/balance

A

vestibular system

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7
Q

four nerves that innervate the external sensory ear

A
  • lesser occipital (posterior/superior)
  • great auricular (anterior/inferior)
  • auriculotemporal (anterior)
  • vagus (posterior)
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8
Q

two veins for drainage of external ear

A
  • superficial temporal v

- retromandibular v

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9
Q

two arteries that supply external ear

A
  • superficial temporal a

- posterior auricular a

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10
Q

skin pulled from the cartilage, and or separated from the cartilage by blood

A

cauliflower ear

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11
Q

canal which extends from the external opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane

A

external acoustic meatus

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12
Q

tympanic membrane is located on the

A

lateral wall of the middle ear

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13
Q

modified skin continuous with external acoustic meatus; innervated by auriculotemporal n and vagus

A

outer layer - tympanic membrane

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14
Q

mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity; innervated by glossopharygneal n

A

inner layer - tympanic membrane

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15
Q

fibrous tissue; gives strength to the mucous membrane; innervated by sensory component of facial n

A

intermediate layer - tympanic membrane

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16
Q

cavity that is directly medial to the tympanic membrane; contains the ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes

A

tympanic cavity proper

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17
Q

the stapes vibrates fluid (perilymph) in the inner ear via

A

oval window

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18
Q

superior to the tympanic cavity proper

A

epitympanic recess

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19
Q

separates the middle ear from the crania cavity

A

tegmen tympani

20
Q

continuation of the tegmen tympani (possible pathway for spread of infection)

A

mastoid antrum

21
Q

connects the middle ear to the pharynx; equalizes pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

A

pharyngotympanic tube (also known as auditory tube, eustachian tube)

22
Q

opens the eustachian tube when swallowing

A

salpingopharyngeus m

23
Q

contracts longitudinally, the thickening of the muscles pushes against the wall of the eustachian tube

A

levator veli palatini

24
Q

simultaneously pulls on the opposing wall of the eustachian tube

A

tensor veli palatini

25
Q

Ossicles order from outside in (MIS)

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
26
Q

Pinch nose & gently exhale to increase pressure on eustachian tube

A

Valsalva maneuver

27
Q

Valsalva maneuver plus swallowing

A

Toynbee maneuver

28
Q

T/F: eustachian tube is primarily made of bone

A

False: mostly cartilage

29
Q

What three muscles act upon opening pharynogotympanic tube

A
  • saalpingopharyngeus
  • lavator veli palatini
  • tensor veli palatini
30
Q

Which ossicle vibrates the oval window?

A
  • footplate of the stapes (starts fluid wave that goes all the way around & transfers to round window)
31
Q

What part of the ossicles is on the back side of the tympanic membrane?

A

Handle of the malleus

32
Q

O I A & Inn of tensor tympani

A

O - eustachian tube
I - handle of malleus bone
A - increase tension on the tympanic membrane by pulling handle medically (releasing amplitude)
Inn - V3 of trigeminal

33
Q

O I A & Inn of stapedius

A

O - pyramidal eminence
I - stapes bone
A - lessen vibrations of the stapes bone by pulling the stapes posteriorly
N - facial nerve

34
Q

Boundaries of the middle ear

A

Medial - promontory (tympanic plexus: lesser petrosal, internal carotid plexus, tympanic of glossopharyngeal (sensory - pre gang))
Lateral - tympanic membrane (CN 5,7,9,10)
Floor - internal jugular vein
Posterior - mastoid air cells (pyramidal eminence)
Anterior - carotid canal
Roof - tegmentum tympani

35
Q

Sterile fluid that is built up in the eustachian tube; glue ear - no infection

A

Otitis media

36
Q

Infection due to bacteria or virus in fluid backing up the eustachian tube; fever is typically seen

A

Acute otitis media

37
Q

What forms the tympanic plexus

A
  • tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal n
  • branches of carotid plexus covering promontory
  • plexus gives off: lesser petrosal nerve (p/s to otic ganglion)
38
Q

Organ of hearing

A

Cochlea (organ of corti)

39
Q

Organ of balance/equilibrium

A

Semicircular canals (dynamic equilibrium), utricle (horizontal mov), & saccule (vertical mov)

40
Q

Pathway of vibrations

A

Stapes -> cochlea (vestibular duct)

Vestibular duct -> cochlear duct (perilymph)

41
Q

The vestibule is made up of what two anatomical features

A

Utricle & saccule (otoliths)

42
Q

Utricle is associated with what movement

A

Horizontal

43
Q

Saccule is associated with what kind of movement

A

Vertical

44
Q

Sense change in angular acceleration or rotation of the head

A

Semicircular canals (moves hair cells, but no stones)

45
Q

Sense change in liner motion & gravity, otolithic organ

A

Vestibule (hair cells & stones present)

46
Q

Most common cause of dizziness, vertigo

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

- stone releases from otoliths & becomes lodged in semicircular canal

Head and Neck (7 decks)

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