Pharynx (1)

Question 1

the pharynx is divided in to these three parts

Answer 1

• nasopharynx (posterior to nose and superior to soft palate)
• oropharynx (posterior to mouth)
• laryngopharynx (posterior to the larynx)

Question 2

separates the nasal cavity from the nasopharynx

Answer 2

nasal choanae

Question 3

major contents within the nasopharynx

Answer 3

• opening of auditory tube (eustachian tube)
• pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
• pharyngeal recess
• salpingopharyngeal fold and muscle
• torus tubarius

Question 4

connects nasopharynx and middle ear cavity; opens in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx at the level of the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

eustachian tube

Question 5

tubal elevation (cartilaginous wall of the auditory tube)

Answer 5

torus tubaris

Question 6

small aggregation of lymphoid tissue in the eustachian tube

Answer 6

tubal tonsil

Question 7

originates from the end of the auditory tube and inserts into the musculature of the pharynx; innervated by the pharyngeal branch of vagus n

Answer 7

salpingopharyngeus muscle

Question 8

lymphoid tissue embedded in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx; inflamed call adenoids; mouth breather

Answer 8

pharyngeal tonsil

Question 9

boundaries of the oropharynx

Answer 9

superior - soft palate
inferior - hyoid bone and epiglottis
laterally - palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches/folds/fauces
anteriorly - oral cavity and posterior 1/3 tongue
posteriorly - pharyngeal wall @ C2-C3 vertebrae

Question 10

epithelium that lines the oropharynx

Answer 10

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

major contents within oropharynx

Answer 11

• palatine tonsils (between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches)
• lingual tonsils (posterior 1/3 tongue)
• palatopharyngeal fold and muscle

Question 12

overlie the palatoglossus muscles anteriorly on the lateral wall of the orpharynx

Answer 12

palatoglossal folds

Question 13

overlie the palatopharyngeus muscles posteriorly on the lateral wall of the orpharynx

Answer 13

palatopharyngeal folds

Question 14

lie between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds on each side

Answer 14

tonsillar fossae (contain palatine tonsil)

Question 15

what are the major blood suppliers of the palatine tonsils

Answer 15

• ascending pharyngeal a
• ascending palatine branch (facial)
• tonsillar branch (lingual)
• tonsillar branch (facial)
• lesser palatine branch (maxillary)

Question 16

T/F: any vein that drains the tonsil may be large and be a source of profuse venous hemorrhage after tonsillectomy

Answer 16

true

Question 17

tonsil at the base of the tongue

Answer 17

lingual tonsil

Question 18

ring of lymphoid tissue extending around the pharynx providing lymphoid protection

Answer 18

waldeyer’s ring

Question 19

waldeyer’s ring is composed of these four parts

Answer 19

• pharyngeal tonsil
• tubal tonsils
• palatine tonsils
• lingual tonsil

Question 20

extends from the base of the tongue to the epiglottis

Answer 20

median glossoepiglottic fold

Question 21

from lateral walls of the laryngopharynx to the base of the epiglottis

Answer 21

lateral glossoepiglottic fold

Question 22

in between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic fold

Answer 22

vallecular recess

Question 23

boundaries of the laryngopharynx

Answer 23

superior - hyoid bone and epiglottis
inferior - esophagus and larynx
anterior - strap muscles
posterior - pharyngeal wall at level of C4-6 vertebrae

Question 24

what epithelium lines the laryngopharynx

Answer 24

stratified squamous

Question 25

major contents within the larynogopharynx

Answer 25

• piriform recess
• epiglottis
• laryngeal apparatus

Question 26

small depressions of the laryngopharyngeal cavity on either side of the laryngeal inlet; injury to internal and recurrent laryngeal nerves which lie deep to the mucous membrane

Answer 26

piriform recess

Question 27

what are the two layers of pharyngeal muscles

Answer 27

external circular, internal longitudinal

Question 28

pharyngeal muscles - external circular layer

Answer 28

• superior, middle, and inferior constrictors

Question 29

pharyngeal muscles - internal longitudinal layer

Answer 29

• palatopharyngeus
• stylopharyngeus
• salpingopharyngeus

Question 30

name the location where all the constrictor muscles insert

Answer 30

pharyngeal raphe

Question 31

O I an A of superior constrictor

Answer 31

O - pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe, mandible
I - pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal raphe
A - constricts upper part of pharynx in deglutition

Question 32

O I an A of middle constrictor

Answer 32

O - hyoid bone
I - pharyngeal raphe
A - constricts middle part of pharynx in deglutition

Question 33

O I an A of inferior constrictor

Answer 33

O - thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
I - pharyngeal raphe
A - constricts lower part of pharynx in deglutition

Question 34

content within gap between superior constrictor and cranium

Answer 34

levator veli palatine, tensor veli palatine nerve, pharyngotympanic tube and ascending palatine a

Question 35

content within gap between superior and middle constrictors

Answer 35

stylopharyngeus, glossopharyngeal nerve, styloid ligament

Question 36

content within gap between middle and inferior constrictors

Answer 36

internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal a

Question 37

content within gap between inferior constrictor

Answer 37

recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal a

Question 38

O I of palatopharyngeus

Answer 38

O - velum (soft palate)
I - pharynx and thyroid cartilage
A - raise pharynx and larynx

Question 39

O I of salpingopharyngeus

Answer 39

O - auditory tube
I - pharynx
A - raise pharynx and larynx

Question 40

O I of stylopharyngeus

Answer 40

O - styloid process of temporal bone
I - pharynx and thyroid cartilage
A - raise pharynx
Innervation - glossopharyngeal n

Question 41

voluntary vs involuntary:

oral phase, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase

Answer 41

oral phase- voluntary
pharyngeal phase- involuntary
esophageal phase- involuntary