Cancer Classification 2

Question 1

These types of cancers arise from bone marrow

Answer 1

Blood-borne cancers

Question 2

Blood borne cancers: metastasis

Answer 2

Hematogenous = already spread through the body, so doesn’t really metastasize

Question 3

What determines if a cancer is leukemia or lymphoma?

Answer 3

% of blast cells present

Question 4

Remember: leukemia =

Answer 4

Liquid

Question 5

Remember: lymphoma =

Answer 5

Solid

Question 6

Lymphoma: originates in this type of tissue

Answer 6

Lymphoid

Question 7

Lymphoma: spread via

Answer 7

Infiltration

Question 8

Leukemia is a cancer of the ______ system

Answer 8

Hematologic

Question 9

Leukemias spread via

Answer 9

Invasion and infiltration

Question 10

What are some of the specific conditions that are bloodborne cancers that we discussed?

Answer 10

• multiple myeloma

- non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 11

What is multiple myeloma?

Answer 11

• cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow

- results in intense bone pain with pathological fx

Question 12

Multiple myeloma survival

Answer 12

5 year ~47%

Bone marrow transplants are improving survival rates

Question 13

Why is the 5 year mark important?

Answer 13

Time you’re most likely to get a metastasis

Question 14

What is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

Answer 14

• group of lymphomas affecting lymphoid tissue

- has specific large cells present

Question 15

Who gets non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

Answer 15

• all ages

- more common in middle age

Question 16

Risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 16

• male
• organ transplants
• autoimmune disease
• radiation exposure (lots)
• AIDS

Question 17

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma disease course

Answer 17

• unpredictable

- widespread

Question 18

Look for these s/s with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 18

• enlarge lymph nodes
• fever
• night sweats
• weight loss
• bleeding
• red skin
• generalized itching

Question 19

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: px

Answer 19

Variable based upon category

• indolent
• aggressive

Question 20

Primary tumors of nerve tissue: types based on location

Answer 20

• intramedullary
• extramedullary
• extradural
• intracranial

Question 21

Primary tumors of nerve tissue: intramedullary

Answer 21

Within spinal cord

Question 22

Primary tumors of nerve tissue: extramedullary

Answer 22

Outside the SC

Question 23

Primary tumors of nerve tissue: extradural

Answer 23

Outside dura mater

Question 24

80% of primary tumors of nerve tissue are of this type

Answer 24

Intracranial

• 60% primary
• 40% metastases

Question 25

Primary CNS tumors: Do they metastasize outside the CNS? Why or why not?

Answer 25

• rarely
• no lymphatic path
• hematologic spread unlikely

Question 26

These are the most common primary malignant tumors

Answer 26

Gliomas

Question 27

What are the types of gliomas we discussed?

Answer 27

• Astrocytomas

- Malignant gliomas

Question 28

What are astrocytomas?

Answer 28

Benign low grade tumors

Question 29

Astrocytomas are most commonly found in this group

Answer 29

Children

Question 30

Example of malignant glioma

Answer 30

Glioblastoma (GBM)

Question 31

GBM survival

Answer 31

18-24 mos. at most

Question 32

WHO classification of primary brain tumors according to histology

Answer 32

• Graded I-IV to indicate aggressiveness

- IV is most aggressive