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3 Neurology > Physiology 3: Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmission in the CNS > Flashcards

Physiology 3: Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmission in the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

normal resting mP of a neuron?

A

-70mV

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2
Q

depolarisation or excitation will cause what effect on the resting mP of a neuron?

A

will increase

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3
Q

normal resting mP of a depolarised neuron (more + ions)?

A

-40mV

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4
Q

hyperpolarisation will have what effect on the neuron’s restign mP?

A

will decrease

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5
Q

what would cause hyperpolarisation?

A

exit of + ions

entry of - ions

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6
Q

which is the only main ion in which its external conc is lower than its intracellular conc? as a result of this, what effect will it have on a neuron’s mP?

A

K+
will cause hyperpolarisation as the high intracellular conc will flow outwards out of the cell rather than the low extracellular conc moving in

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7
Q

what effect will a Cl- influx have on the cell/

A

will cause hyperpolarisation as you are adding a negative ion

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8
Q

what effect does a K agonist have?

A

opens K channel to let K+ OUT causing inhibition

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9
Q

what effect will a K+ antagonist have?

A

closes K channel to retain K+ in the cell, increasing cell mP

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10
Q

a synapse is made up of what 3 components?

A

presynaptic axon terminal
synaptic cleft
postsynaptic dendrite

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11
Q

what happens at a neuron’s axon terminal?

A

an AP depolarises

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12
Q

what happens after a neuron depolarises?

A
  1. voltage gated Ca channels open and Ca enters the cell

2. triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicle contents

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13
Q

once neurotransmitter is released from the synaptic vesicle where does it go?

A

diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite causing a response

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14
Q

name 4 ways in which neurotransmitters can be switched off

A
  1. by enzymes
  2. returned to axon terminals for reuse
  3. transported into glial cells
  4. by diffusing out of synaptic cleft
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15
Q

direct gating is done by which receptors?

A

ionotropic

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16
Q

indirect gating is mediated by activation of which receptors?

A

metabotropic

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17
Q

give examples of receptors that are ligand gated

A

GABAa
glycine
ACh
glutamate

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18
Q

glutamate receptor channels are __mers

A

tetra

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19
Q

GABAa, glycine and Ach channels are __mers

A

penta

20
Q

name the major excitatory neurotransmitter

A

glutamate

21
Q

name the 2 kinds of ionotropic glutamate receptors

A

non-NMDA

NMDA

22
Q

which ionotropic glutamate receptor mediates fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS?

A

non-NMDA

23
Q

which ionotropic glutamate receptor mediates the slow component of the excitator AP

A

NMDA

24
Q

what kind of glutamate receptor is particularly permeable to Ca? why is this problematic?

A

NMDA receptors

promotes neurotoxicity

25
Q

how do metabotropic glutamate receptors work?

A

activate a secondary messenger cascade

26
Q

main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

A

GABA

27
Q

ionotropic GABA receptors operate what channel?

A

Cl

28
Q

GABAb activates a _ channel

A

K+

29
Q

what drugs enhance inhibition of neurotransmitters by allosterically binding to GABAa

A

benzodiazepines

barbiturates

30
Q

are ionotropic or metabotropic receptors faster?

A

ionotropic

31
Q

____ receptors can close as well as open ion channels

A

metabotropic

32
Q

how do metabotropic receptors trigger an AP if they’re too slow to do so?

A

have modulatory synaptic actions that can trigger it

33
Q

nicotinic Ach receptors follow the metabotropic pathway T or F

A

F, follow the ionotropic pathway so are fast

34
Q

muscarinic (aka g-protein coupled) Ach receptors follow the metabotropic pathway T or F

A

T

35
Q

what branch of receptors follow the metabotropic pathway as a rule

A

G protein coupled receptors

36
Q

afferent input to a neurons can also be called the…

A

EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)

37
Q

define the EPSP

A

a depolarising (+) change in the rmp caused by the actions of excitatory neurotransmission

38
Q

excitatory should make you think…

A

positive

39
Q

inhibitory should make you think…

A

negative

40
Q

define the IPSP

A

negative change in the rmp cause by the release of an inhibitory neurotransmitter -> inhibits the AP

41
Q

what is the graded potential?

A

a change in the rmp of a neuron caused by either an EPSP or an IPSP which is too small to reach threshold

42
Q

amplitude of a graded potential increases as more __ enters

A

Na

43
Q

what is an interneurone?

A

a locally acting neurone that releases GABA and thus causes inhibition

44
Q

what is a projection neuron? does it bring about an EPSP or IPSP?

A

a neuron responsible for conveying signals to other parts of the brain
EPSP as releases glutamate

45
Q

the influence of a synapse depends on..

A

the DISTANCE the current has to travel to the neuron’s trigger zone

46
Q

what is a quanta?

A

a secretory vesicle filled with neurotransmitter

47
Q

is there a pattern to which a neurone discharges its charge?

A

yes, it does so rhythmically unless it is under the influence of an IPSP

3 Neurology (41 decks)

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