Flashcards in Autoimmune Diseases Deck (53)
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1
What might cause tissue damage in autoimmune diseases?
type ll (cytotoxic) and type lll (immune complex)
2
What can help diagnose autoimmune diseases?
identification of specific antibodies
3
What are the three basic requirements for pathologic autoimmunity?
1. reaction
2. primary pathogenic reaction
3. no other disease is present
4
autoimmune diseases might develop from abnormalities in what?
T-lymphocyte system
5
What environmental factors can lead to loss of tolerance?
viruses, hormones, or drugs
6
What does Graves disease affect?
antibodies to the TSH receptor act as agonists and elevate thryroid hormones
7
Anitgens can do what two things?
1. Alter function and 2. destroy self-tissues
8
What are 7 examples of autoimmune diseases?
1. antibodies and immune complexes (Graves)
2. systemic (systemic lupus erythematosus)
3. autoimmunity or reactions to microbes (polyarteritis nodosa)
4. T cells (organ specific like multiple sclerosis)
5. systemic AD's like rheumatoid arthritis
6. autoimune hemolytic anemia
9
What is systemic lupus erythematosus?
chronic, autoimmune, multisystem, inflammatory disease.
- more common in females
10
systemic lupus erythematosus can lead to what 5 things?
1. renal failure
2. butterfly rash
3. focal neurological deficits
4. arthritis
5. pericarditis or endocarditise
11
Some manifestations of SLE result from what?
tissue injury due to immune complex mediated vasculitis
12
SLE affects how many americans?
around 250, 000
13
Presence of what is a characteristic feature of SLE?
LE bodies
14
SLE leads to...
Mesangial, focal, or diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, or tubular and interstitial changes
15
What are the pathological characteristic lesions?
wire-loop lesion, hyaline thrombi, and fibrinioid degeneration
16
What is the clinical presentation of SLE?
- young female
- nonspecific fatigue
- fever
- arthralgia
- weight changes
- butterfly rash, arhtritis, and vasculitis
17
What are the MSK symptoms of SLE?
- 90 % have polyarthralgia (joint pain)
18
Whats the most common organ affected by SLE?
kidney
19
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
noninfectious but may look similar to infectious endocartitis
20
Discoid lupus
most common variet
- skin involvement only
- no antinuclear antibodies
21
sub-acute cutaneous lupus
papular and annular lesions (trunk)
22
Drug-induced lupus
Procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid
- no sex predisposition and most are over 50 yoa
23
Rheumatoid arthritis
female: male 4:1
destruction of articular cartilage
24
Etiology of Rheumatoid arthritis
Genetically predisposed person is exposed to virus or self-Ag which activated T cells specific for a joint antigen which secretes cytokines like TNF alpha
25
What is the pre-dominant cytokine found in Rheumatoid arthritis?
TNF alpha
26
persistent tenosynovitis can lead to what?
synovial cysts and ruptured tendons
27
most common cardiovascular manifestation of RA?
artherosclerosis (leading cause of death in RA)
28
most common ocular manifestation?
keratoconjunctivitis of Sjogren's syndrome
29
can food affect RA?
yes, but not according to the Arthritis foundation
- saturated fats may increase inflammation
30
