Ch. 338 Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

Specific findings on examination can guide toward a specific malabsorption disorder: Edema

A

Protein-losing enteropathy

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2
Q

Specific findings on examination can guide toward a specific malabsorption disorder: Digital clubbing

A

CF and celiac disease

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3
Q

Specific findings on examination can guide toward a specific malabsorption disorder: Perianal excoriation and gastric abdominal distension

A

Carb malabsorption

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4
Q

Specific findings on examination can guide toward a specific malabsorption disorder: Perianal and circumoral rash

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

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5
Q

Specific findings on examination can guide toward a specific malabsorption disorder: Abnormal hair

A

Menke syndrome

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6
Q

Clinitest reagent is used for screening carb malabsorption which identifies reducing substances such as carbs in stool. A positive test is

A

An acidic stool with >2+ reducing substance

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7
Q

___ is used to identify the specific carbohydrate that is malabsorbed

A

Breath hydrogen test

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8
Q

Procedure in Breath hydrogen test

A

After an overnight fast, the suspected sugar is administered as an oral solu­tion. A rise in breath hydrogen of 20 ppm above the baseline is considered a positive test. The child should not be on antibiotics at the time of the test, because colonic flora is essential for fermenting the sugar.

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9
Q

a sensitive test to assess exocrine pan­ creatic function in chronic cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis

A

Fecal elastase-1

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10
Q

Main clinical expression of malabsorption

A

Diarrhea

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11
Q

Investigation for carb malabsorption: Can measure mucosal disaccharidase concentrations directly

A

Small bowel mucosal biopsies

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12
Q

MCC of hypoalbuminemia in children

A

Renal disorder

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13
Q

Measurement of ___ is a useful screening test for protein-losing enteropathy

A

alpha1-antitrypsin

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14
Q

MCC of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A

Cystic fibrosis

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15
Q

Gold standard for exocrine pancreatic function

A

Direct analysis of duodenal aspirate (volume, bicarb, trypsin, and lipase upon secretin and pancreozymin/cholecystokinin stimulation)

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16
Q

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy

A

Celiac disease

17
Q

Immune-mediated disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestine

A

Celiac disease

18
Q

Antibodies seen in Celiac disease

A

Antibodies to TG2

19
Q

MC extraintestinal manifesration of celiac disease

A

IDA unresponsive to iron therapy

20
Q

Ultimate diagnosis of celiac disease relies on

A

Demonstration of specific but not pathognomonic histopathologic abnormalities in the small bowel mucosa

21
Q

ESPHAN Criteria for celiac disease

A

1) Villous atrophy with hyperplasia of the crypts and abnormal surface epithelium while patient is eating adequate amounts of gluten 2) Full clinical remission after withdrawal of gluten from diet

22
Q

The only treatment for celiac disease

A

Lifelong strict adherence to a gluten-free diet

23
Q

Short bowel syndrome is the loss of >___% of small bowel with or without a portion of the large intestine

24
Q

Main site for carb, protein, iron, water-soluble vitamin absorption

A

Proximal 100-200cm of jejunum

25
Vitamin B12 and bile salts are only absorbed in
Distal ileum
26
Primary adult type hypolactasia is caused by
Physiologic decline in lactase activity that occurs following weaning in most mammals
27
Secondary lactose intolerance is caused by
Small bowel mucosal damage, usually transient improving with mucosal healing