Chapter 19

Question 1

adaptive immune response

Answer 1

A slow specific type of immune response, following exposure to a foreign antigen

Question 2

allergen

Answer 2

A substance that can provoke an allergic response

Question 3

allergy

Answer 3

A response of the immune system system to a substance that is not dangerous

Question 4

antibody

Answer 4

A multi subunit protein produced by B cells that binds a specific foreign antigen alerting the immune system or destroying the pathogen that bears the antigen

Question 5

antigen binding sites

Answer 5

specialized ends of antibody chains

Question 6

antigen presenting cell

Answer 6

A cell displaying a foreign antigen

Question 7

autoantibodies

Answer 7

antibodies that attack the bodies own cells

Question 8

auto immune disease

Answer 8

An adaptive immune system attack against the body cells

Question 9

auto inflammatory disease

Answer 9

an innate immune system attack against the bodies cells inflammation

Question 10

b cell

Answer 10

A type of lymphocyte that secretes antibody proteins in response to non-self antigens displayed on other immune system cells

Question 11

Cellular immune response

Answer 11

Process in which T cells release cytokines that stimulate and coordinate an immune response

Question 12

collectins

Answer 12

Immune system molecules that detect viruses bacteria and yeasts

Question 13

complement

Answer 13

plasma proteins that have a variety of immune function functions

Question 14

cytokine

Answer 14

A biochemical that a T cells secretes that controls immune function

Question 15

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 15

A class of T cells that attack, cancer cells, and self cells infected with viruses

Question 16

dendritic cells

Answer 16

immune system cells that reside in places where the body contacts the environment serving as antigen presenting cells to stimulate an immune response

Question 17

epitope

Answer 17

part of an antigen that an id type of an anti antibody binds

Question 18

heavy chains

Answer 18

The two longer polypeptide chains of an antibody sub unit

Question 19

helper t cells

Answer 19

A class of T cells that recognize non-self antigens on macrophages stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, secrete, cytokines, and activate cytotoxic T cells

Question 20

herd immunity

Answer 20

The protection from a certain infection that arises when a large majority of a population has been vaccinated, blocking spread of the disease

Question 21

human leukocyte antigens

Answer 21

cell surface proteins that are important in immune system function, and are encoded by closely linked genes on the short arm of chromosome six

Question 22

humoral immune response

Answer 22

process in which B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream

Question 23

idiotype

Answer 23

part of an antibody molecule that binds in antigen

Question 24

inflammation

Answer 24

part of the innate immune response that causes an infected or injured area to swell with fluid turn, red and attracted phagocytes

Question 25

innate immune response

Answer 25

components of the immune response that are present at birth and do not require exposure to an environmental stimulus

Question 26

interferon

Answer 26

A type of cytokine

Question 27

interleukin

Answer 27

a type of cytokine

Question 28

light chains

Answer 28

The two shorter polypeptide chains of an antibody subunit

Question 29

macrophage

Answer 29

A large wandering cell that engulfs and digest debris, including cells and presents non-self antigens alerting other immune system cells

Question 30

mast cells

Answer 30

cells that release histamine which dilates blood vessels near infected or injured areas. Misdirected mast cell activity causes allergic reactions.

Question 31

memory cells

Answer 31

B or T cell descendants that carry out a secondary immune response

Question 32

pathogen

Answer 32

An organism or infectious agent that causes an in infection

Question 33

plasma cell

Answer 33

A cell descendent from a B cell that produces abundant anti antibodies of a single type

Question 34

primary immune response

Answer 34

The immune systems response to initial encounter with a non-self antigen

Question 35

regulatory t cells

Answer 35

a class of T cells that help to suppress an immune response when it is no longer required

Question 36

secondary immune response

Answer 36

Immune system activation and response to a second or subsequent encounter with a foreign antigen

Question 37

T cell

Answer 37

A type of lymphocyte that produces cytokines and coordinates the immune response

Question 38

toll-like receptors

Answer 38

Proteins embedded in the plasma membranes of immune system sentinel cells(macrophages, and dendritic cells) that bind proteins common to many pathogens, stimulating innate and adaptive immune response responses

Question 39

vaccine

Answer 39

an inactive or partial form of a pathogen that stimulates antibody production

Question 40

give an example of a foreign cell

Answer 40

bacteria viruses yeasts prions tumor cells

Question 41

give a physical barrier and innate immunity

Answer 41

unbroken skin mucous membrane acid tolllike receptors inflammation mast cells collectins cytokines

Question 42

what does an autoinfalmmatory disease do

Answer 42

blocks cytokine production

Question 43

give an autoimmune disease example

Answer 43

graves disease celiac disease autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 autoimmune polyendocrineopathy syndrome - self attacking t cells not destroyed

Question 44

what is an autograft

Answer 44

tissue from part of body

Question 45

isograft

Answer 45

MZ twin

Question 46

allograft

Answer 46

not geneticslly identical