antigen
a molecule that elicits an immune response
centimorgan
a unit that indicates percent recombination between two loci linked on a chromosome, serving as a measure of relative distance
codominant
a form of gene expression in which both alleles are fully expressed in a heterzygote
epistasis
a gene making or affecting the expression of another gene
expressivity
severity or degree of a phenotype
genetic heterogeneity
a phenotype that can be caused by variants of any of several genes
generic marker
A DNA sequence near a gene of interest that is co-inherited unless separated by a crossover
haplotype
a series of genes linked on a chromosome that do not separate by crossing over
heteroplasmy
mitochondria in the same cell that have different alleles of a gene
incomplete dominance
a form of gene expression that results in a heterozygous intermediate in phenotype between either homozygote
linkage
genes on the same chromosome
linkage disequilibrium
a consequence of extremely tight linkage between DNA sequences in which two genes or DNA sequences are nearly always inherited together
linkage disequilibrium
a consequence of extremely tight linkage between DNA sequences in which two genes or DNA sequences are nearly always inherited together
linkage maps
diagrams that show gene order on chromosomes, determined from crossover frequencies between pairs of genes
phenocopy
an environmentally caused trait that occurs in a familial pattern, mimicking inheritance
penetrance
percentage of individuals with a genotype who have an associated phenotype
pleiotropic
a single-gene disease with several symptoms or a gene that controls several functions or has more than one effect, causing different symptom subsets in different individuals
recombinant
a series of alleles on a chromosome that differs from the series of either parent
exceptions to Mendels laws
lethal alleles
multiple alleles
incomplete allele dominance
codominance
epistasis
pleiotropy
genetic heterogeneity
phenocopy
example of lethal allele
achondroplasia where AA kills embryo but not Aa
example of multiple alleles
cystic fibrosis 1500 alleles
example of inconplete allele dominance
familial hypercholeterolemia FF no receptors Ff half receptors ff normal receptors
example of codominance
blood type
example of epistasis
bombay phenotype where without H protein A and B antigens can’t attach to surface
