Difficult Connectors

Question 1

-(으)ㄴ 지

Answer 1

1. since (action) + (time - default: been a while) + verb ending

Example:
한국에 온 지 1년 됐어요.

Example:
점심 먹은 지 오래됐어요.

Question 2

dv-(으)ㄴ 것 같-
av-는 것 같-
v-(으)ㄹ 것 같-

Answer 2

1. I think (action or state)
2. indicates opinion based on something (evidence, feeling, situation)

Example:
맛있는 것 같아요.

Example:
비가 오는 것 같아요.

Example:
내일 추울 것 같아요.

Question 3

-었던

Answer 3

1. used to do (action)
2. happened long in the past

Example:
살았던 집

Example:
좋아했던 사람

Question 4

-도록

Answer 4

1. in order to / to - goal-oriented
2. to the point that / until - limit or intensity
3. so that / such that - one thing leads to another
4. make / asked / told / let (someone) do - causing action

Example Meaning
늦지 않도록 서둘러요. - Hurry so that you won’t be late.

배가 터지도록 먹었어요. - I ate until my stomach almost burst.

건강이 나빠지지 않도록 운동하세요. -Exercise so that your health doesn’t get worse.

실수하지 않도록 조심하세요. - Be careful so you don’t make mistakes.

Question 5

-기도 하-

Answer 5

1. also (do action)
2. sometimes (do action)
3. even/also (action)

Example:
친구를 만나기도 했어요.

Question 6

-(으)라고 + verb ending

Answer 6

quoting someone else’s command to (do action)

Example:
엄마가 숙제하라고 했어요.

Question 7

-자고 + verb ending

Answer 7

quoting someone else’s suggestion to (do action)

Example:
친구가 같이 가자고 했어요.

Question 8

-지 말라고 + verb ending

Answer 8

quoting someone else’s command not to (do action)

Example:
엄마가 늦게 가지 말라고 했어요.

Question 9

-어/아 달라고 + verb ending

Answer 9

quoting someone else’s command to (do action) for them

Example:
아이가 장난감을 달라고 했어요.

Question 10

-(으)ㄹ까 하-

Answer 10

1. thinking about (doing an action)
2. might (do action)

Example:
내일 여행을 갈까 해요.

Question 11

-(으)ㄹ까 봐

Answer 11

1. because I was afraid (of dv)
2. (worried about action)-this grammar + verb ending

Example:
늦을까 봐 뛰어왔어요.

Example:
선생님이 싫어할까 봐 무서워요.

Question 12

거의… -(으)ㄹ 뻔 했-

Answer 12

1. almost (did action)

Example:
거의 넘어질 뻔 했어요.

Question 13

-(으)ㅁ에 불구하고
-에도 불구하고

Answer 13

despite (action, state or noun) - formal writing

Example:
비가 옴에 불구하고 행사는 열렸어요.

Question 14

-(느)ㄴ 대로

Answer 14

1. as soon as (action is done)
2. (did action) just as/ just like

Example:
도착하는 대로 전화해 주세요.

Question 15

-다시피

Answer 15

1. used to remind or reference shared knowledge or perception
2. Used with “알다” → “as you know” - 아시다시피 (honorific) is the most common form.
3. Used with “보다” → “as you can see” - 보시다시피
4. Used with “듣다” → “as you heard” - 들으시다시피
5. Used with “말하다” → “as I said / as was said” - 말씀드리다시피 or 말하다시피

Example:
아시다시피 저는 한국에서 왔어요.

Question 16

-이/가 아니라

Answer 16

not this/that (noun) but this/that (noun)

Example:
고양이가 아니라 강아지예요.

Question 17

av-는 게 아니라
dv-(으)ㄴ 게 아니라

Answer 17

not this/ that (action or state) but this/that (action or state)

Example:
화를 내는 게 아니라 걱정돼서 그래요.

Question 18

-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라
-일 뿐만 아니라

Answer 18

not only (does action or is state or noun) but also (does action or is state or noun)

Example:
그는 노래를 잘할 뿐만 아니라 춤도 잘 춰요.

Question 19

-(으)ㄹ 텐데(요)

Answer 19

1. probably (action or state)
2. should have / probably / must be (action or state

Example:
지금 가면 늦을 텐데요.

Question 20

-(으)ㄹ 테니까

Answer 20

1. I’ll (do action) so…
2. probably (do action or be state) so…

Example:
제가 도와줄 테니까 걱정하지 마세요.

Question 21

av-(느)ㄴ대(요)
dv-대(요)

Answer 21

quoted contraction of what someone else said,thought,etc. about an (action or state)

Example:
친구가 오늘 못 온대요.

Question 22

av-냬(요)
dv-(으)냬(요)
n-(이)냬(요)

Answer 22

quoted contraction of what someone asked about an (action or state or noun)

Example:
언제 오냬요.

Question 23

-재(요)

Answer 23

quoted contraction of someone else’s suggestion to (do action)

Example:
같이 가재요.

Question 24

-(으)래(요)

Answer 24

quoted contraction of someone else’s command to (do action)

Example:
친구가 한국에 가래요.

Question 25

-긴 하-

Answer 25

1. (it's state) or (do action) but... Example: 비싸긴 해요.

Question 26

-(으)ㄴ 채(로)

Answer 26

(with action) still happening Example: 신발을 신은 채로 들어왔어요.

Question 27

-(으)ㄹ걸 그랬-

Answer 27

should have (done action) Example: 일찍 자는 걸 그랬어요.

Question 28

-(으)ㄹ 길이 없-

Answer 28

no way to (do action) Example: 만날 길이 없어요.

Question 29

-는 길에

Answer 29

1. whilst (on the way / movement action) - need to specify coming, going, etc. Example: 학교에 가는 길에 친구를 만났어요.

Question 30

-는 길이-

Answer 30

2. i'm (on the way / movement action) + location Example: 집에 가는 길이에요.

Question 31

-다가도

Answer 31

(state/action) then suddenly (state/action) even when/though (action) Example: 생각하다가도 잊어버려요.

Question 32

-더니

Answer 32

1. (did action or was state) but... 1. (did action or was state) and... 1. - connects past observation to present result Example: 그가 많이 먹더니 살이 쪘어요.

Question 33

av-(느)ㄴ다니 dv-(으)ㄴ다니 –았/었다니

Answer 33

1. expresses an emotional reaction 2. I heard (action) Example: 네가 결혼한다니 정말 놀랐어.

Question 34

-(으)ㄹ 만하-

Answer 34

1. worth (doing action) 2. (action) can be done - e.g. edible, bearable, doable Example: 이 영화는 볼 만해요.

Question 35

-(으)ㄹ수록

Answer 35

more (action is done or are state) the more... Example: 공부할수록 더 어려워져요.

Question 36

-(으)려고 하-

Answer 36

1. When followed by 했는데 / 했지만 / 하는데, it means “tried to (do action)… but... 2. can't be used with commands in same clause Example: 전화하려고 했는데 배터리가 없었어요.

Question 37

-(으)려고 하면

Answer 37

1. whenever I try to (do action) 2. if you try to (do action)

Question 38

-지 말자고 + verb ending

Answer 38

quoting someone else's suggestion not to (do action)

Question 39

-어/아 주라고 + verb ending

Answer 39

quoting someone else's command to (do action) for someone else Example: 아이가 장난감을 달라고 했어요.

Question 40

av-(느)ㄴ다고 + verb ending dv-다고 + verb ending

Answer 40

quoting what someone else said,thought,etc. about an (action or state)

Question 41

(이)라고 + verb ending

Answer 41

quoting what someone else said, thought, etc. about a (noun)

Question 42

-았/었다고 + verb ending

Answer 42

quoting what someone else said, thought, etc. about an (action or state) in the past

Question 43

-(으)ㄹ 거라고 + verb ending -(으)ㄹ 것이라고 + verb ending

Answer 43

quoting what someone else said, thought, etc. about an (action or state) in the future

Question 44

av-(느)ㄴ냐고 + verb ending dv-냐고 + verb ending n-(이)냐고 + verb ending

Answer 44

quoting what someone asked about an (action or state or noun)

Question 45

-(이)래요

Answer 45

quoted contraction of what someone else said,thought,etc. about a (noun)

Question 46

-었/았대(요)

Answer 46

quoted contraction of what someone else said, thought, etc. about an (action or state) in the past

Question 47

-(으)ㄹ 거래요

Answer 47

quoted contraction of what someone else said, thought, etc. about an (action or state) in the future

Question 48

-었/았냬(요)

Answer 48

quoted contraction of what someone asked about an (action or state) in the past

Question 49

-(으)ㄹ 거냬(요)

Answer 49

quoted contraction of what someone asked about an (action or state) in the future

Question 50

-어/아 달래요

Answer 50

quoted contraction of someone else's command to (do action) for them

Question 51

-어/아 주래요

Answer 51

quoted contraction of someone else's command to (do action) for them

Question 52

-(으)면서도

Answer 52

1. (action) but opposite of action 1. (state) but mixed emotions Example: 아프면서도 학교에 갔어요.

Question 53

-다 보면

Answer 53

1. as you keep (doing action) 1. if you keep (doing action) Example: 계속 노력하다 보면 성공할 거예요.

Question 54

-다 보니(까)

Answer 54

1. as I, etc. kept (doing action) Example: 일을 하다 보니까 익숙해졌어요.

Question 55

-(으)ㄹ 때도

Answer 55

even when (action or state)... Example: 바쁠 때도 운동해요.

Question 56

-기에

Answer 56

1. so (action or state) 1. not used with commmands Example: 아파서 학교에 못 갔기에 연락했어요.

Question 57

-길래(요)

Answer 57

1. so (action or state), I... 2. why/what is (causing action or state)? Example: 비가 오길래 우산을 챙겼어요.

Question 58

-지 뭐

Answer 58

1. guess i'll just (do action) 1. of course (action) Example: 할 수 없지 뭐.

Question 59

-느라고

Answer 59

1. because (action was being done / was done)... Example: 늦게 자느라고 피곤해요.

Question 60

-고는 하- / -곤 하-

Answer 60

1. used to (do action) 1. usually (do action) Example: 주말마다 영화를 보고는 해요.