Endings

Question 1

-(느)(ㄴ)다

Answer 1

plain form - present tense ending

Example:
나는 학교에 간다.

Question 1

-아/어

Answer 1

Indicates that the speaker is doing something casually or connecting actions. It’s used to end a sentence informally or to link verbs when talking about what happens.

Example:
밥 먹어.

Example:
세수하고 밥 먹었어.

Question 2

-아/어요

Answer 2

polite ending

Example:
뭐 먹어요?

Example:
지금 가요.

Question 3

-(스)ㅂ니다

Answer 3

Formal statement ending

Example:
지금 시작합니다.

Example:
저는 학생입니다.

Question 4

-요

Answer 4

polite ending

Example:
맞아요.

Example:
고마워요.

Question 5

-(으)십시다

Answer 5

formal inclusive imperative
(can’t use with elders)

Question 6

-(으)십시오

Answer 6

Formal Direct Imperative

Example:
기다리십시오.

Example:
안으로 들어오십시오.

Question 7

-(스)ㅂ니까?

Answer 7

Formal question

Example:
지금 시작합니까?

Example:
학생입니까?

Question 8

-(으)ㄹ까(요)

Answer 8

Indicates that the speaker is asking for your opinion, a question or wondering aloud.

Example:
비가 올까요?

Example:
같이 갈까요?

Question 9

-(으)ㄹ래요

Answer 9

indicates someone intends/wants an action - statement
checks if someone intends/wants an action - question

Example:
저는 집에 갈래요.

Example:
뭐 마실래요?

Question 10

-(으)ㄹ게요

Answer 10

1. Indicates that the speaker is asserting to do something - statement
2. checks if the listener is okay with something the speaker is asserting - question.

(1st person only)

Example:
내일 전화할게요.

Example:
제가 도와줄게요.

Question 11

-구나/ -군 / -군요

Answer 11

1. ~구나 and ~군 are used in informal situations
2. ~군요 is used in polite/formal situations.
3. When adding ~구나, ~군 or ~군요 to an action verb, ~는 should be placed between it and the verb.
4. indicate spontaneous realization or discovery — something the speaker just noticed, learned, or confirmed in that moment.

Indicates realization or recognition when the speaker learns or notices something new.

-군요 → polite

-군 → plain

-군나 → poetic or literary

Example:
정말 빠르군요!

Example:
여기가 그 장소였군.

Example:
너도 알았군나.

Question 12

-거든

Answer 12

Indicates that the speaker is providing this as the reason, background, or soft explanation.

Example:
지금 바쁘거든요.

Example:
그 사람 좋은 사람이거든.

Question 13

-네(요)

Answer 13

Indicates that the speaker is expressing surprise - usually when reacting to something just seen, heard, or realized.

Example:
날씨가 좋네요!

Example:
잘하시네요!

Question 14

-지(요) / 죠

Answer 14

Can do all, all do not always apply:
1. Seeking agreement (with a rising intonation)
2. Asking a question, believing that the hearer has the answer (with a rising intonation)
3. Assuring information (with a falling intonation)
4. suggestion to do something (in statements)
-죠 is a shortened, more casual form of -지요.

Example:
재미있지요?

Example:
알고 있죠?

Example:
이 영화 좋죠!

Question 15

-(으)(ㄴ)냐?

Answer 15

indicates that a question is being asked with a plain tone, often by someone of higher status, or in written, rhetorical, or literary styles

plain or indirect speech

Example:
밥은 먹었으냐?

Question 16

-다

Answer 16

literary / dictionary ending for verbs

Question 17

-자

Answer 17

Indicates a plain-speech suggestion or proposal to do something together.

Example:
지금 가자.

Question 18

-던가

Answer 18

ending for if you’re trying to remember something.

Example:
그 사람이 어디 살던가?

Question 19

-더라

Answer 19

ending used when you saw or experienced something first hand

Example:
어제 비가 많이 오더라.

Question 20

indicates a question ending in descriptive verb

Answer 20

-(으)ㄴ가(요)?

Question 21

indicates a question ending in action verb

Answer 21

나(요)?

Question 22

-아/어라

Answer 22

command/order (plain)

Example:
조용히 해라.
Example:
빨리 와라.