Flashcards in Intro to Oncology Deck (111)
Loading flashcards...
1
Top 3 new cases of CA for men and women?
1. Prostate/Breast
2. Lung and bronchus
3. Colon and rectum
2
Top 3 CA deaths for men and women?
1. Lung and bronchus
2. Prostate/Breast
3. Colon and rectum
3
What accounts for at least 30% of cancer deaths?
30%
4
What are some CA prevention strategies?
1. Smoking cessation
2. Smoking prevention
3. Sun avoidance
4. Dietary modifications
5
What % of American smokers began before age 18?
Over 80%
6
What % of high school students have tried smoking?
58%
7
Do people who quit smoking regardless of age live longer than those who continue to smoke?
YES
8
Qutting before age 50 cuts the risk of dying in the next 15 years by what?
50%
9
What cancers are 85-90% preventable with appropriate screening?
1. Colorectal: Fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy
2. Cervical: Pap and pelvis
3. Breast: Self-exams and mammography
4. Prostate: DRE and PSA
5. Oral Cavity: Visits
6. Skin: Physical exam
10
What 4 things are part of the approach to CA dx?
1. Careful history
2. Careful physical exam
3. Radiological imaging
4. Tissue biopsy
11
What 4 things should be assessed when taking history?
1.Underlying diseases
2. Smoking and alcohol
3. Occupational exposures
4. Family history
12
How much tissue should be taken for biopsy?
As much as is safely possible
13
What 4 things are determined from a tissue biopsy?
1. Histology
2. Grade
3. Degree of invasiveness
4. Molecular diagnostic and prognostic information
14
What is it called when the entire tumor mass is removed with a margin of normal tissue surrounding the mass?
Excisional biopsy
15
What is it called when a wedge of tissue is removed trying to include the majority of the cross-sectional diameter of the tumor?
Incisional biopsy
16
How is a core needle biopsy usually done?
With endoscope or CT... smaller tissue sample
17
What gets a cell suspension from within the mass and is very limited sample... usually CT guided or direct palpation of mass?
Fine needle aspiration
18
What 3 things are used for clinical staging?
1. Physical examination
2. Imaging procedures like XR, CT, Isotope scans
3. BM examination for some tumors
19
What is done to determine pathologic staging?
Histologic examination of all tissues removed at surgery
20
What does higher clinical stage correlate with?
Higher tumor burden and less curability
21
What does the stage usually dictate or mandate?
Specific treatments
22
What 2 things must be taken into account with prognosis and planning treatment?
Physiological reserve of the patient (age and karnofsky and ECOG performance scores) and molecular markers
23
Where is hematopoiesis week 2 to 12 of gestation?
Yolk sac
24
What is produced from the yolk sac?
Only RBC for oxygenation
25
Where is hematopoisis from week 6 of gestation until postnatal week 1?
Fetal liver and spleen
26
When does hematopoiesis peak in the fetal liver and spleen?
Months 3-6
-Declines after month 6 and ends shortly after birth
27
When does hematopoesis begin in the BM?
2-4 months gestation
28
What is the major site of hematopoiesis after month 6 gestation?>
BM
29
In infancy, where is hematopoeisis?
All bones
30
