Flashcards in Ortoski: High-yield Stuff Deck (98)
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1
Geography associated with HIV?
Subsaharan Africa
2
More men or women, which race?
Men more than women, African American predominance
3
Top 3 modes of acquisition of HIV?
1. M to M sexual contact
2. Heterosexual
3. IVDA
4
Around what time was there more treatment, so fewer cases of HIV?
93-94
5
Since HIV causes inflammation, what are 2 areas of issue?
Cardiac and cancer
6
HIV is the BLANK leading cause of death currently
6th- Used to be leading in early 90s in the 25-45 age group
7
Reducing viral load reduces what?
Transmission
8
NRTI
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
9
NNRTI
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
10
PI
Protease inhibitor
11
D Drugs
d4t, ddl, ddc, AZT
12
Does AZT have a lot of SE?
YES
13
Nadir CD4
Lowest CD4 count ever
14
Naive
No prior drug exposure
15
Sequestered mutations
Found in minority- not detectable
16
BLD
Below level of detection- less than 20
17
Where is HIV 1 found?
Worldwide
18
Where is HIV 2 found?
Africa- Less easily transmitted
19
Group M
Major group worldwide
20
Group O
Other
21
How many subgroups or clades?
11
22
Group M Subgroup B
Americas, Japan, Austrailia, Carribean, Europe
23
Group M Subgroup C
S. Africa, India
24
Typical transmission modes?
1. Sexual
2. Vertical (mother to child)
3. Transfusion
4. IV drug use
25
If mother's viral load is undetectable, is it less likely to transfer to fetus?
YES
26
Risk factors?
1. 3+ nights in prison
2. Prostitution
3. Other STD
27
What should be emphasize?
Routine voluntary testing
28
What test is the best and confidental?
Serology
29
What is needed for a + result?
2 ELISA screening followed by 1 Western Blot for CONFIRMATION
30
