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Allergy and Immunology > Lab stuff > Flashcards

Lab stuff Flashcards

1
Q

CH50 and AH50

A 
CH50 = classical 
AH50 = alternative
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2
Q

Why measure complement in a patient? What can you diagnose this way?
(another reason for immune depression)

A
  • Recurrent infection w/normal WBCs
  • diagnose auto-ab-mediated immune syndromes
  • diagnose lupus, sjogrens syndrom, glomerulonephritis
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3
Q

What will complement levels be if patient has a issue? High or low?

A

Low = consumptive process

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4
Q

When do eosinophils increase?

A

allergy and parasitic infections

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5
Q

When do basophils increase

A

(mast cells)

allergic reactions

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6
Q

When do lymphocytes increase?

A

viral infections

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7
Q

What is the cell that is the body’s primary defense against bacterial infection and physiologic stress?

A

neutrophils

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8
Q

When do you see a left shift with neutrophils?

A

increase need for them indicating an infection in process such as app or cholecystitis

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9
Q

When receiving a corticosteroid what leukocyte will be decreased?

A

eosinophils and sometimes basophils

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10
Q

Alteration in bone marrow function such as leukemia or Hodgkins disease may cause increase in what leukocyte?

A

basophils

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11
Q

In adults, what is the most abundant wbc after neutrophils?

A

lymphocytes

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12
Q

In children, what is the second most abundant wbc are neutrophils. What is the first?

A

lymphocytes

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13
Q

What class of drugs causes lymphopenia?

A

corticosteriods

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14
Q

What two cell types are the first line of defense agains bacteria and viruses?

A

neutrophils and macrophages

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15
Q

What cell increases with bacterial infections, some diseases and meds like steroids?

A

neutrophils

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16
Q

What cell increases in pt w/ parasites and with allergies?

A

Eosinophils

17
Q

What cell is also involved allergic reactions?

A

basophils

18
Q

What cells are most reactive to viral infections and malignancy?

A

lymphocytes

19
Q

What is the normal percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes in the blood?
What is the normal WBC count total?

A 
Neutrophils = 45-75% (70%normal)
Lymphocytes = 20-45% )30%normal)
WBC = 4500-11,000cells/cm(squared)
20
Q

What would you consider in an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1500? (diagnosis and name for low neutrophils?)

A

Neutropenia

Dx: overwhelming infection, drugs and chemicals, ionizing radiation, hematopoietic disorder, hypersplenism

21
Q

What would you find, as far as WBCs, with diseases such as AIDS, Malignancy, TB, increase loss via GI tract, increase destruction and an ALC of less than 1500?

A

Lymphocytopenia

Use ALC to determine the lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4 &CD8) by staining

22
Q

What immunoglobulin is found in the largest concentration in the plasma, provides long term immunity, activates complement, and crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

23
Q

What immunoglobulin is found in small amounts, first to appear in response to antigen, and is a very good complement activator?

A

IgM

24
Q

What immunoglobulin provides the first line of defense on mucosal surfaces, is found in secretions, and protects against infections in the GU, GI and respiratory tracts?

A

IgA

25
Q

What immunoglobulin mediates allergic and hypersensitivity reactions?

A

IgE

26
Q

Serodiagnostic testing.
Direct means patient provides the —— and the lab provides the ——-.
Indirect means patient provides the ——- and the lab provides the ——-.

A 
Direct = antigen, antibody
Indirect = antibody, antigen
27
Q

What does anergy mean in allergy testing?

A

lack of skin reactivity

means decreased CMI

28
Q

What causes lymphocytosis?

A
  • unique T cell populations are produced in reaction to viruses = lymphocytosis
  • also increases with lymphoproliferative disorders
29
Q

What are some examples of direct immunoassays in serodiagnostic testing? What does it detect?

A

Examples: H. influenza, hemolytic strep, s. pneumonia, N. meningitides (can test from tissue swab, blood, CSF)
Detects: presence of antigens

30
Q

What immunoglobulin is NOT useful for the diagnosis of immune deficiency when measured in the serum?

A

IgD

31
Q

What are some examples of indirect immunoassays in serodiagnostic tests? What does it detect?

A

Examples: Monospot, HIV, Hep A, B, C, autoimmune diseases
Detects: presence of antibodies

32
Q

What does a direct agglutination reaction test do? What are these tests used for?

A

tests: pt serum against large, cellular antigens to screen for presence of Ab
Used for: blood typing

33
Q

What does an indirect agglutination reaction test for?

A

Test for: presence of Ab against SOLUBLE ag (latex spheres with soluble ag attached) if ab present in pt, visible agglutination
OR
presence of ag against SOLUBE ab (latex shares with soluble ab attached) if ag present in pt, visible agglutination

34
Q

What does SPEP detect? What does it quantify?

A

detects: monoclonal immunoglobulinopathies
quantifies: major groups of serum proteins

Allergy and Immunology (9 decks)

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