MICRO102A > LEPTOSPIRA > Flashcards

LEPTOSPIRA Flashcards

Pathogenesis is not included. Please refer on the reference book or PPT. (48 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What serovar is primary cause of Porcine Leptospirosis?

A

serovar pomona

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The source of Leptospira infection is from ?

A
  • Urine from infected or carrier animal
  • Water, litter, food may serve as fomites
  • Direct or indirect infection via nasal, oral or conjunctival mucous membrane and abraded skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the organism sources for Porcine Leptospirosis infection?

A
  1. Swine, cattle, skunks, raccoons, opossums, wildcats and deer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Equine Leptospirosis is mostly caused by serovar ?

A

Pomona

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leptospira use _____ and ____ as energy and _____ sources.

A

Long-chain fatty acids; alcohols; carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the treatment and control for Leptospira infections?

A
  1. Ampicillin, penicillin G, streptomycin, tetracycline and doxycycline
    * Of no avail if renal damage is extensive
  2. Fluid therapy in dogs
  3. Effective rat control
  4. Fencing off contaminated ponds and streams
  5. Screening of replacement stocks
  6. Susceptible to drying and heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Leptospira spp. belongs to Spirochetes. What is the general morphology of Spirochetes?

A
  • Spirochetes are slender, spiral, actively motile, flexible organisms, 5-200 um long and 0.1-3 um wide and divide by transverse fission
  • Helically coiled and round on cross-section with varying number of spirals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Leptospira is motile by ?

A

2 subterminal periplastic flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 principal forms of Canine Leptospirosis?

A
  1. Hemorrhagic form
  2. Icteric
  3. Uremic or subacute form
  4. Inapparent form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the diagnostic methods for Canine Leptospirosis?

A
  1. Exam of urine by dark field microscopy; formalin should be added as they autolyze very rapidly
  2. Microscopic agglutination test (agglutination lysis); 1:100 or higher
  3. Isolation, cultivation and identification
  4. Guinea pig or hamster inoculation; blood, urine, tissue used
  5. Histopathology – demo in kidney stains
  6. Fluorescent antibody technique in tissues and urine sediment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

There are ____ L. interrogans serovars and at least ____ L. biflexa serovars.

A

218; 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give the clinical signs of Equine Leptospirosis.

A
  • Disease usually mild or subacute with fever, depression and icterus, occasionally abortion and uveitis
  • Recurrent iridocyclitis (moon blindness or periodic ophthalmia) maybe sequella
  • Systemic disease rare
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Serovar ____ is extremely difficult to culture.

A

bratislava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leptospira has how many insertion discs?

A

3 to 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____ is extension of the axial filament shaft and bends toward the protoplasmic cylinder.

A

Hook

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Insertion of axial filaments of Spirochetes is via ?

A

Proximal hook and insertion disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the initial stage of Canine Leptospirosis, the first 3 forms are characterized by?

A

Depression, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classify Leptospira acc. to its O2 requirement.

A

Aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Porcine Leptospirosis?

A
  • Clinical or latent
  • Unthriftiness, abortion, fever, icterus and anemia
  • Occasionally, metritis and meningoencephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Serovar ____ is frequent in some areas cause fewer bovine abortions than pomona but more often _____.

Study These Flashcards
A

hardjo; infertility

21
Q

What is the primary disease induced by Leptospira spp.?

Study These Flashcards
A

Leptospirosis

22
Q

What are the organism sources for Bovine Leptospirosis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Cattle and swine and some wild animals
  • Cattle may shed for 3 months but fewer numbers and irregularly
  • Outbreaks associated with heavy rainfall but infrequent under dry conditions
23
Q

Give the immunity methods against Leptospirosis.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mainly humoral, organisms not intracellular
  • Bacterins elicit considerable protection but short duration
  • Bacterins not available for horses
24
Q

Canine can be an incidental host for what L. serovars?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • serovars grippotyphosa
  • autumnalis
  • australis
  • pomona
  • Bratislava
25
Human leptospirosis is otherwise known as ?
1. Well’s disease 2. fort Bragg fever 3. swineherd’s disease
26
____ ____ is plate-like and inserted into depression at end of cell.
Insertion discs
27
What serovar is the principal cause of Bovine Leptospirosis?
serovar pomona
28
First two forms of Canine Leptospirosis is caused by what L. serovar?
serovar icterohemorrhagia - hemorrhagic and icteric form
29
What are the other serovars that can induce Porcine Leptospirosis?
* canicola * grippotyphosa * icterohemorrhagiae * bratislava
30
Species of Leptospira that is free living.
L. biflexa
31
Acute form of Leptospirosis in humans shows what c/s?
fever, jaundice and nephritis
32
Canine Leptospirosis is primarily caused by what serovar and less frequently by what serovar?
serovar canicola; serovar icterohemorrhagiae
33
Serovar _____ occasionally causes severe leptospirosis in dogs.
Grippotyphosa
34
Last two forms of Canine Leptospirosis is caused by what L. serovar?
serovar canicola - uremic or subacute form and inapparent form q
35
Species of Leptospira that is pathogenic or parasitic serovars.
L. interrogans
36
Give the pathogenesis of Canine Leptospirosis.
* Infection latent to severe * Chronic progressive nephritis may follow acute canicola infection with death following long after initial infection
37
What are the 2 genera of Leptospira?
1. Leptospira 2. Leptonema
38
Human Leptospirosis is induced by what serovars?
* canicola * icterohemorrhagiae * Pomona
39
What are the clinical signs of Bovine Leptospirosis?
* Maybe latent and precipitated by stress * Infections characterized by fever, diarrhea, anemia, icterus and hemoglobinuria; acute infections may result to abortion
40
What are the natural hosts for Leptospira spp.?
* Rodents * Swine * Dogs
41
What are 3 basic cellular elements of Spirochetes?
1. Outer sheath which encompasses the cell 2. Axial filament or fibril 3. Protoplasmic cylinder which includes the cell wall and cell membrane
42
Axial filament or fibril is flagella. True or False?
False, only resembles flagella
43
Leptospires can be destroyed in which organ of the body?
Stomach
44
What serovars are implicated in abortion of equine?
1. Pomona 2. Grippotyphosa
45
Give the pathogenesis of Leptospira.
* Considerable damage to vascular endothelium * Virulent strains produce more cytotoxic proteins than avirulent ones; exact role of protein not clear * Hemolysin responsible for intravascular hemolysis * Other virulence factors: motility, burrowing motility, production of hyaluronidase * Epithelial penetration -> hematogenous dissemination -> localization and proliferation in parenchymatous organs particularly in kidney and liver -> multiplication in convoluted tubules results in carrier state or nephrosis, sometimes uremia and death * Leptospiral antibodies and complement great. lt reduce the number of leptospires * In carrier state, organisms shed in urine for weeks or months * Signs are fever, anemia, subserous and submucosal hemorrhages, conjunctivitis, icterus, meningitis and agalactia * Tissue damage results from host’s immune response * Damage to endothelial lining results to reduction of blood flow * Death occurs during febrile stage or later , caused by toxemia resulting from kidney and liver damage primarily humoral * Immune response is primarily humoral
46
Canine and Bovine Leptospirosis have the same diagnostic methods. True or False?
True
47
Human treatment against Leptospirosis is effective when initiated within ___ days of onset.
4
48
Leptospira does not metabolize CHO but prefer?
Long chain fatty acids or alcohols
MICRO102A
flashcards
Decks in class (37)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions