MICRO102A > MYCOPLASMA > Flashcards

MYCOPLASMA Flashcards

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1
Q

M. hyopneumonia lives only in ?

A

Respiratory tract of pigs
** Survives only briefly in external environment

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2
Q

What are the identification methods for Mycoplasma spp.?

A
  1. Purification by picking and cloning
  2. Sensitivity to digitonin –> paper disk method (Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma sensitive)
  3. Growth inhibition test based on specific antiserum and monoclonal antibodies, colony immunofluorescence (epifluorescence), CFT, ELISA
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3
Q

M. hyopneumoniae spread via?

A

Aerosol in infected pigs

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4
Q

This Mycoplasma specie induces enzootic pneumonia in pigs.

A

M. hyopneumonia

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5
Q

Give the morphological characteristics of Mycoplasma.

A
  • Extremely pleomorphic: cocci, filaments, spirals, rings, globules and granules
  • Plasticity is due to lack of cell wall
  • Basic shape is cocci, filamentous forms transient
  • Ability to change shape due to presence of contractile protein resembling actin and gliding motility based on this contractile material
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6
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting cattle with the given data:

  • Acute, rapidly spreading mastitis
A

M. bovis

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7
Q

M. bovoculi, M. californicum, M. canadense, and M. dispar affects what animal?

A

Cattle & buffaloes

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8
Q

Mycoplasma can synthesize purine but not pyrimidine bases. True or False?

A

False, can not synthesize both

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9
Q

Describe the colony of Mycoplasma.

A

Typical colony is minute with fried egg appearance: flat transparent ring with central granular area embedded in agar

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10
Q

M. mycoides subsp. mycoides is an obligate parasite of ?

A

Cattle and water buffaloes

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11
Q

What are the diagnostic methods for M. mycoides subsp. mycoides?

A

Samples from fluids by dark field or phase microscopy

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12
Q

Internal structure of Mycoplasma is composed of?

A

Ribosome and DNA strands

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13
Q

When was Mycoplasma first isolated? Who isolated Mycoplasma?

A

1891 by Nocard

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14
Q

Mycoplasma is Gram (-), however basic stains are not satisfactory to confirm. What are the alternatives?

A
  1. Giemsa
  2. Castaneda
  3. Dienes
  4. Methylene blue methods
    *** Results in pink or purple appearance
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15
Q

Mycoplasma is commensal of ?

A
  1. Bovine mucous membranes
    * Pathogens of:
    a. respiratory tract
    b. ocular
    c. mammary tissues
    d. urogenital tissues
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16
Q

Give the signs of chronic infection of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

A
  • moist cough, fever, nasal discharge, reluctance to move
  • Infected lung foci becomes encapsulated
  • Pleural cavity contains great amounts of fluid 15 to 20 liters
  • Lung inflamed with thin deposit of fibrin
  • When lobes incised, fluids run out, coagulating after a few hours
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17
Q

Give the morphology of M. gallisepticum.

A

Ovoid with characteristic polar bleb which serves as adhesion organ

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18
Q

_____ is used to describe mycoplasma.

A

Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO)

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19
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting swine with the given data:

  • Normal inhabitant of nasopharynx of swine
A

M. hyorhinis

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20
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting cattle with the given data:

  • Hydrolyzes arginine, common commensal o mucosal surface of ruminants
21
Q

M. gallisepticum causes what disease?

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A
  • Cause of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens, turkeys, pheasant, pigeon, partridge
  • Known as infectious sinusitis in turkey (IST)
22
Q

Describe the morphology of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

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A

Rho forms –> cells with axial fibers and a terminal swelling

23
Q

What disease is caused by first isolated Mycoplasma?

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A

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

24
Q

What are the transmission routes of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides?

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A
  1. Droplet inhalation (close and prolonged contact required)
  2. Via the placenta and shed in the urine
25
What is the type species of Mycoplasma?
Mycoplasma mycoides
26
Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting **cattle** with the given data: * Induces mastitis, abortion; affects reproductive system
M. alkalescens
27
Describe the **small** colony type of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.
SC not visible until **after 3 days on BAP** -> diameter no greater than 0.1 mm; in CBPP
28
Some Mycoplasma spp. have specialized tip structures called ?
Polar bleb
29
Mycoplasma thrives in what atmospheric condition and what pH?
Anaerobic - 10% CO2 ph 7.6-8.0
30
M. hyopneumonia mainly affects swine that is what age?
3 to 10 weeks of age
31
_____ degradation is the source of energy for non-fermentative Mycoplasma strains/.
Arginine
32
Give the signs of **acute** infection of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.
Respiratory distress
33
Each species of Mycoplasma is adapted to specific host. True or False?
True
34
Give the clinical signs induced by M. hyopneumonia.
* Dry cough that lasts for a few weeks or persists indefinitely * Pigs eat well but unthrifty and slow to gain weight -> **stunted** * Organisms adhere to bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial surfaces of lungs causing **ciliostasis** * Lesions are **hepatized purplish or grayish pneumonic areas** in apical or cardiac lobes
35
Describe the **large** colony type of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.
LC visible at **2 days** -> diameter 0.4 to 0.7 mm; in **goats** seldom in cattle
36
What are the antigens of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides?
1. Capsular galactan 2. Membrane proteins ** Galactan protects precipitinogen
37
Describe the membrane of Mycoplasma.
Trilaminar and lacks skeletal support of peptidoglycan foundation in cell wall
38
Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting **cattle** with the given data: * Parasitic commensal of bovine respiratory tract
M. bovirhinis
39
What is the role of cholesterol in the growth of Mycoplasma spp.?
Regulates **membrane fluidity** during changes in growth and temperature and necessary ingredient for **membrane synthesis**.
40
Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting **goats and sheep** with the given data: * Induces septicemia, polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, and mastitis
M. capricolum
41
What are the 2 colony types of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides?
1. Small colony type 2. Large colony type
42
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides causes what disease?
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
43
Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting **goats and sheep** with the given data: * Induces contagious agalactiae
M. agalactiae
44
Mycoplasma can be propagated in embryonated egg. True or False?
True
45
_____ is covering of mycoplasmas with host antigens due to intimate association with host cell and tendency of exogenous proteins to bind with mycoplasmal membranes.
Capping
46
Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting **cattle** with the given data: * Genital tract of heifers and seminal fluid of bulls; commensal of genital tract
M. bovigenitalium
47
Give the pathogenesis of M. gallisepticum.
* Spread by **aerosol, by contact and via the egg** * Enhances severity of infection by **H. gallinarum (H. paragallinarum – fowl coryza), E. coli, infectious bronchitis virus** * Tracheal rales, nasal discharge and coughing
48
Mycoplasma require ____ for growth.
Cholesterol or sterols (serum is most commonly used)
49
Genus Mycoplasma falls under what class?
Class Mollicutes (soft-skin)
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