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Spinal Anatomy Palmer > osteology- unit 1 ex. 1 QQ > Flashcards

osteology- unit 1 ex. 1 QQ Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 basic tissues of the human body?

A

epithelial, muscle, neural, connective

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2
Q

what is the function of an osteoblast?

A

form bone

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3
Q

what is the function of an osteocyte?

A

maintain or nurture bone

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4
Q

what is the function of the osteoclast?

A

remodel bone

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5
Q

what are bone cells embedded in?

A

an amorphous matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals

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6
Q

what is the primary constituent of ground substance?

A

GAGs

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7
Q

what is the principle type of protein fiber in bone?

A

type 1 collagen

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8
Q

what is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

A

hydroxyapatite

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9
Q

what is wolff’s law as it pertains to bone?

A

living tissue will respond to stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to various stressors

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10
Q

what 3 responses of “living” bone were stressed in class?

A

its ability to heal, to remodel under stressors and to age

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11
Q

bone is the embryological derivative of which specific connective tissues?

A

mesenchyme and or cartilage

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12
Q

what is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?

A

intramembranous ossification

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13
Q

what is the timing for the appearance of the intramembranous ossification?

A

from the 2nd to 3rd month in utero

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14
Q

what part of the axial skeleton is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?

A

the skull

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15
Q

which bone of the appendicular skeleton is partially formed by intramembranous ossification?

A

clavicle

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16
Q

what is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?

A

endochondral ossification

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17
Q

what is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?

A

2nd-5th month in utero

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18
Q

what part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?

A

chondrocranium

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19
Q

what are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?

A

sexual dimorphism, ontogenic variation, geographic variation, idiosyncratic variation

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20
Q

what are the 6 most commonly used classifications of normal bone?

A

long, short, flat, irregular, paranasal sinus/ pneumatic, sesamoid

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21
Q

what are the classifications given to abnormal bone stressed in spinal?

A

heterotopic or accessory bone

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22
Q

what is the name given to bone formed in a non-bone location?

A

heterotopic bone

23
Q

what is the primary characteristic of short bone?

A

cuboidal

24
Q

what are examples of short bone?

A

carpus and tarsus

25
Q

what are examples of flat bone?

A

parietal and sternum

26
Q

what are characteristics of pneumatic bone?

A

air spaces within the bone

27
Q

what are examples of pneumatic bone?

A

frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, sphenoid

28
Q

what bones contain paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal, ethmoid, maxilla and sphenoid

29
Q

what is the characteristic of a sesamoid bone?

A

bone develops within a tendon

30
Q

what are consistent examples of sesamoid bones?

A

patella and pisiform

31
Q

what are examples of heterotopic bone?

A

calcific deposits in the pineal gland, heart and ligaments

32
Q

what are examples of accessory bone?

A

para-articular processes and bony spurs of vertebrae

33
Q

what are the 4 basic feature categories?

A

elevations, depressions, tunnels or passageways and facets

34
Q

what are the types of osseous elevations?

A

linear rounded and sharp

35
Q

what are the types of osseous linear elevation?

A

line, ridge and crest

36
Q

what are the types of rounded osseous elevations?

A

tubercle, protuberance, trochanter, tuber or tuberosity and malleolus

37
Q

what is the definition of an osseous trochanter?

A

a large blunt projection from the surface of a bone with a significant base and height

38
Q

what is the definition of an osseous malleolus?

A

a hammer-head like elevation on the surface of a bone

39
Q

what are the categories of sharp osseous elevations?

A

spine and process

40
Q

what are the categories of osseous depressions?

A

linear and rounded depressions

41
Q

what are the categories of osseous linear depressions?

A

notch or incisure, groove and sulcus

42
Q

what are the categories of rounded osseous depressions?

A

fovea and fossa

43
Q

what is the definition of an osseous fovea?

A

shallow depression of variable circumference on the surface of a bone

44
Q

what are names given to openings on the surface of bone?

A

ostium or orifice and hiatus

45
Q

what is the definition of an osseous hiatus?

A

irregular opening on the surface of a bone

46
Q

what are the names given to osseous ostia which completely penetrate bone?

A

foramen or canal

47
Q

what is the definition of an osseous foramen?

A

ostium passing completely through a thin region of bone

48
Q

what is the definition of an osseous canal?

A

ostium passing completely through a thick region of bone

49
Q

what is the name given to an ostium which does not completely penetrate through a region of bone but appears as a blind-ended passageway?

A

meatus

50
Q

what is the definition of an osseous fissure?

A

irregular slit-like or crack-like appearance between the surfaces of adjacent bones

51
Q

what are the categories of osseous facets?

A

flat facets and rounded facets

52
Q

what are the categories of rounded osseous facets?

A

articular heads and articular condyles

53
Q

what is the definition of an osseous condyle?

A

a knuckle-shaped surface on bone for osseous articulation

Spinal Anatomy Palmer (15 decks)

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