Flashcards in Pathology Deck (157)
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1
At what cell level determines leukopenia?
< 5 K/uL
2
At what cell level determines leukocytosis?
> 10 K/uL
3
For leukopenia, what can drugs damage to result in decreased production of WBC's, especially neutophils?
Stem cells
4
Why can infection cause leukopenia?
Theres increased movement of N0 into tissues from the blood
5
What 2 drugs may be used to boost lymphocyte production, thereby decreasing the risk of infection?
GM-CSF or G-CSF
6
This is the term that refers to a decreased # of circulating lymphocytes.
Lymphopenia
7
What are 2 important immunodeficiency causes of lymphopenia?
DiGeorge or HIV
8
Increased levels of what hormone can cause lymphopenia from the induction of apoptosis in lkymphocytes?
Cortisol
(like in Cushings)
9
What type of treatment causes lymphopenia because lymphocytes are super sensitive to ti?
Radiation
10
This is the term for increased N0 in the circulation.
Leukocytosis
11
When there are increased N0 release in an infection, what forms of N0 are released into the circulation?
Immature forms
(left shift)
12
The immature forms of N0 are characterized by a decrease in what?
Fc receptors (CD16)
13
High levels of what hormone can impair the adhesion of N0, leading to leykocytosis?
cortisol
14
What 2 conditions can cause monocytosis?
chronic inflammatory states and malignancy
15
Allergic reactions, parasitic infetions, and Hodgkin lymphoma can cause an increase in which WBC in the ticruculation?
Eosinophils (E0)
16
Which WBC is increased in CML?
Basophils (B0)
17
Viral infections can lead to an increase in which WBC?
Lymphocytes
(lymphocytic leukocytosis)
18
Which bacteria can lead to lymphocytic leukocytosis because of the production of lymphocytosis-promting factor?
Bordetella pertussis
19
B. pertussis releases lymphocytosis-promting factor, which blocks what process in lymhocytes?
Blocks circulating lymphocytes from leaving the blood to enter the lymph node
20
This is the term for enlarged lymph nodes.
Lymphadenopathy (LAD)
21
What processes give rise to painful LAD?
acute infection (like strep throat)
22
Which 3 processes give rise to painless LAD?
chronic inflammation
metastatic carcinoma
lymphoma
23
What 2 conditions can give rise to follicluar hyperplasia in LAD?
Since it's the B cell region...
RA
early stages of HIV
24
What type of infections give rise to paracortex hyperplasia in LAD?
Viral
(since it's the T cell region)
25
When do u see hyperplasia of the sinus histiocytes in LAD?
When a lymph node is draining a tissue with cancer
26
After what % of blasts in the bone marrow can u determine neoplastic proliferation?
> 20%
27
Since neoplastic proliferation causes the blasts to "corwd-out" normal hematopoiesis, what happens to the RBC, platelets, and N0 levels?
Anemia (fatigue)
Thrombocytopenia (bleeding)
Neutropenia (infection)
28
What are the 2 characteristics of blasts on smear?
No cytoplasm
Punched out nucleolus
29
What are the 2 subdivisions of acute leukemia?
AML and ALL
30
