Flashcards in Red Eye Deck (39)
Loading flashcards...
1
List the main conditions that cause a red eye
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Anterior uveitis
Scleritis
Acute closed-angle glaucoma
Haemorrhage
Orbital cellulitis
2
What is blepharitis?
Inflamed eyelids
3
List the two main causes of anterior blepharitis
Seborrheic scales on lashes
Staphylococcal infection involving lash follicle
4
List the main cause of posterior blepharitis
Meibomian (tarsal) gland dysfunction
5
How do the appearances of anterior + posterior blepharitis differ?
Anterior: red lid margin
Posterior: red in deep part of lid
6
List signs of seborrheic anterior blepharitis
Red lid margin
Scales
Dandruff
Seborrheic dermatitis
7
List signs of Staphyloccoal anterior blepharitis
Red lid margin
Distorted/loss of lashes
Styes, ulcers
Corneal staining
8
List signs of posterior blepharitis (Meibomian gland dysfunction)
Normal lid margin + skin
Swelling
Dried secretions
Chalazia (Meibomian cyst)
Acne rosacea
9
Meibomian cysts can induce astigmatism. True/False?
True
10
Outline treatment of blepharitis
Lid hygiene (bathing, warm massage)
Supplementary teardrops
Oral doxycycline for 2-3 months
11
List clinical features of conjunctivitis
Red, gritty eye
Discharge
Itch
Papillae or follicles
Chemosis (oedema)
12
What are papillae and which type of conjunctivitis are they seen in?
Tiny bubble-wrap-like lumps with central red dot
Bacterial conjunctivitis
13
What are follicles and which type of conjunctivitis are they seen in?
Diffuse redness with grainy rice-like aggregations
Viral/chlamydial conjunctivitis
14
Vision is usually unaffected in conjunctivitis. True/False?
True
15
Watery discharge is associated with bacterial/viral conjunctivitis and sticky discharge is associated with bacterial/viral discharge
Watery discharge is associated with viral conjunctivitis and sticky discharge is associated with bacterial conjunctivitis
16
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis does not require treatment. True/False?
True
Usually self-limiting and resolves within 14 days, but can use antibiotic to speed up recovery
17
Describe the pattern of disease symptoms in bacterial conjunctivitis
Symptoms begin in one eye but spread to both
18
What is the 1st line antibiotic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol eye drops
19
What are Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers associated with?
Contact lenses
20
List clinical features of corneal ulcers
Severe needle-like pain
Photophobia
Profuse watering
Circumcorneal redness
Hypopyon
21
How does exposure keratitis arise?
Dryness of cornea e.g. thyroid, VII palsy
22
Which disease is keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with?
Sjogren's disease
23
Deficiency in which vitamin can lead to dry eyes?
Vitamin A
24
How are corneal ulcers treated?
Identify cause with corneal scrape + Gram stain
Antimicrobial if bacterial (ofloxacin)
Antiviral if herpetic (acyclovir)
Anti-inflammatory if autoimmune
25
Anterior uveitis is synonymous with the term iritis. True/False?
True
Essentially inflammation of anterior chamber of the eye
26
List clinical features of anterior uveitis
Pain
Vision may be reduced
Photophobia
Circumcorneal red eye
Ciliary injections
Hypopyon
27
Outline management of anterior uveitis
Topical steroids
Mydriatics
Antimicrobial if infection
28
Which conditions are associated with episcleritis?
Gout
IBD
29
Where does inflammation occur in episcleritis?
Between conjunctiva and sclera
30
