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Flashcards in Sexual Violence Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is trauma?

A
  • An unexpected event which is considered to be outside the normal experience of a person in his/her lifetime
  • Trauma occurs when a person is unable to determine what may happen
2
Q

What is Sexual Violence?

A
  • Any act (verbal and/or physical) which violates a person’s trust and/or safety and is sexual in nature
  • Use of power, control, force, status, intimidation, coercion, threat, physical presence, substances, technology, among other efforts to attempt or perpetrate sexual violence
3
Q

What are 3 forms of Sexual Violence?

A
  • Sexual Assault
  • Sexual Abuse
  • Sexual Exploitation
4
Q

Unwanted sexual contact ranging from fondling to penetration
Sex is used as a weapon of violence

A

**Sexual Assault **

5
Q

Involves use of psychological pressure to initiate sexual contact & may include repeated sexual assault w/i the context of an established relationship

A

Sexual Abuse

6
Q

Involves practices by which a person, usually an adult, achieves sexual gratification, financial gain or advancement through the abuse or exploitation of another’s sexuality by thwarting basic human rights to dignity, equality, autonomy & physical and mental well-being

A

Sexual Exploitation

7
Q

What are some words used to describe sexual violence?

A
  • Rape
  • Incest
  • Child sexual assault
  • Ritual abuse
  • Date/acquaintance rape
  • Intimate partner rape
  • Exploitation
  • Pornography
  • Drug date
  • Unwanted sexual contact
  • Sexual harassment
  • Exposure
  • Voyeurism
  • Gang rape
  • Human Trafficking
  • Mail order brides
  • Child prostitution
  • Others??
8
Q

Legal tenets regarding sexual violence are based on the premise that sexual violence is…

A
  • Non-consensual
  • Involves force or coercion
  • Offense includes sexual elements
9
Q

_______ is defined by one’s ability to agree to an action or behavior

A

Consent

10
Q

What is the most current definition of rape?

A

“penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus w/ any body part of object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, w/o the consent of the victim” (2013)

11
Q

___ in ___ girls & ___ in ___ boys will be sexually assaulted before they turn 18

A

1 in 3 girls & 1 in 6 boys will be sexually assaulted before they turn 18

12
Q

What are the differences between Stranger & Non-Stranger Sexual Violence?

A
  • Stranger Sexual Violence
    • assailant appears out of nowhere
    • forces self into situation or environment
    • selects anonymous victim
    • seeks to remain unknown & unidentified to victim
    • more reported than other forms of sexual violence & perceived to be more accepted & believed by community
  • **Non-Stranger Sexual Violence **
    • crime of confidence & betrayal of trust
    • use of deceit, manipulation & secrecy to gain trust
    • assailant may know the victim & use existing relationship to afford opportunity for harm
    • assailant may select victim, engender connection & create relationship through boundary violations
13
Q

The Brain

  • Neocortex
  • Limbic
  • Brainstem
A
  • Neocortex – human/thinking brain
  • Limbic – mammalian/emotional brain
  • Brainstem – reptilian/primitive, vital brain
14
Q

What is the typical Trauma Response?

A
  • Flight – run away
  • Fight – strike back
  • Freeze – don’t move
15
Q

What are some examples of…

  • Trauma Reactions
  • Post-Assault Trauma Reactions
A
  • Trauma Reactions
    • Loss of control
    • Attempt to regain control & personal safety
    • Perception or belief that individual is unable to defend or care for oneself
    • Individuals reassert control by using coping strategies & problem solving skills based on previous experiences
  • Post-Assault Trauma Reactions
    • Exist to allow an individual to cope w/ the experience
    • May or may not be healthy strategies
    • Are based upon known or learned skills
16
Q

How is psychological trauma a neurobiological injury?

A
  • Impacts the limbic system yielding reduced hippocampal & amygdalar volume
  • Alters the production of stress hormones (cortisol) & NTs (E, dopamine, serotonin)
  • Diminishes integration btwn L & R hemispheres
17
Q

Traumatic Memory is…

A
  • Sensory
  • Exists as fragments
  • Cannot be willfully retrieved
  • Is triggered by unforeseen cues in the environment
18
Q

What are the 3 types of stress?

A
  • Positive Stress
  • Tolerable Stress
  • Toxic Stress
19
Q

What is Positive Stress?

A
  • Short-lived experiences causing minor physiological changes
  • Afford opportunity for skill building & self-soothing behaviors
20
Q

What is Tolerable Stress?

A
  • Relatively short-lived, more intense experiences
  • Impact can be overcome w/ support & caring but may lead to toxic stress w/o intervention
21
Q

What is Toxic Stress?

A
  • Intense adverse experiences that may be sustained over a long period of time (wks, mo, yrs)
  • Stress response system gets activated for a prolonged period of time
  • This can lead to permanent changes in the development of the brain
22
Q

What are the 3 types of Trauma?

A
  • Acute Trauma
    • A single traumatic event that is limited in time
  • Chronic Trauma
    • The experience of multiple traumatic events
  • Complex Trauma
    • Both exposure to chronic trauma & the impact of such exposure on the individual
23
Q

Aftermath of Sexual Violence

  • Physical
  • Emotional/Psychological
  • Economic/Financial
A
  • Physical
    • injuries, fatigue, soreness, sleep disturbance, appetite changes, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy
  • Emotional/Psychological
    • continuum of trauma-related rxns, numbness, anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, loss of control, isolation, withdrawn, smiling, laughing, vulnerability, despair
  • Economic/Financial
    • income loss, medical treatment, counseling experience, evidence replacement, employment impact
24
Q

Longitudinal Impact of Sexual Violence

  • Emotional/Psychological
  • Physical
  • Interpersonal
A
  • Emotional/Psychological
    • PTSD, depression, decreased self-esteem/identity, substance abuse/addictive behaviors, eating disorders, self-harm, suicidal ideation
  • Physical
    • chronic pain, STIs, long term disabilities, infertility
  • Interpersonal
    • difficulty w/ trust, relationships, sexual/physical contact
25
Q

What are the 8 Guiding Values of Trauma-Informed Care?

A
  • Promote safety
  • Understand the prevalence & impact of trauma
  • Communicate w/ compassion
  • Share power
  • Pursue the person’s strengths, choice & autonomy
  • Respect human rights
  • Provide holistic care
  • Embrace diversity
26
Q

What are some treatment options for patients?

A
  • Ask
  • Believe in the person
  • Offer acknowledgement & support w/i the context that you are able
  • Provide connections to other resources
  • Make a commitment