T-Cell Receptors and MHC Complex - Diebel

Question 1

What do T-Cells require in order to be activated?

Answer 1

Cell-to-cell contact with antigen presenting molecules on the surface of other cells

Question 2

Th1 CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

Answer 2

IL-12
IL-18
IFN-gamma

Question 3

Th1 CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

Answer 3

IGN-gamma (pro-inflammatory & chemotactic for monocytes/macrophages)
TNF

Question 4

What types of cell-surface molecules/receptors do APC have?

Answer 4

PRR = Pathogen Recognition Receptor (PAMPs)
CD80 (B7-1) binds to T-cell CD28
CD86 (B7-2) binds to T-cell CD28
MHC II

Question 5

What types of cell-surface molecules/receptors do T-cells have?

Answer 5

CD28 binds to CD80/86
CD4 binds to MHCII
CD3/TCR binds to MHC II

Question 6

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in Th1 T-cells?

Answer 6

T-Bet

Question 7

How are M1 (angry) macrophages activated and what cytokines do they secrete?

Answer 7

Activated by IFN-gamma secreting Th1 T-cells

TNF-alpha and IL-1

Question 8

Th17 CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

Answer 8

TGF-Beta
IL-1
IL-6
IL-23

Question 9

Th17 CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

Answer 9

IL-17

IL-22

Question 10

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in Th17 T-cells?

Answer 10

ROR-gamma-t

Question 11

What is the main function of Th17 T-cells?

Answer 11

Cause Inflammation; more powerful that Th1; cause severe autoimmunity through IL-17

Question 12

What is the main function of Th1 T-cells?

Answer 12

Recognize antigen and make lymphokines to attract M1 macrophages to attack a serious infection

Question 13

Where do Th17 T-cells play their biggest role?

Answer 13

Maintaining the integrity of mucosal surfaces

Question 14

Th2 CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

Answer 14

IL-4

Question 15

Th2 CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

Answer 15

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

Question 16

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in Th2 T-cells?

Answer 16

GATA3

Question 17

What is the main function of Th2 T-cells?

Answer 17

Alternatively Activates M2 Macrophages to wall-off parasites/pathogens and promote healing; IL-4 attracts eosinophils

Question 18

Follicular Helper Tfh CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

Answer 18

IL-6

IL-21

Question 19

Follicular Helper Tfh CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

Answer 19

IL-4

IL-21

Question 20

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in follicular helper Tfh T-cells?

Answer 20

Bcl-6

Question 21

What is the main function of the follicular helper Tfh T-cells?

Answer 21

Stimulated by antigen to migrate from T-cell areas of lymph nodes into the B-cell follicles, where B-cells are activated and undergo class switching

Question 22

Treg CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

Answer 22

IL-2

TGF-Beta

Question 23

Treg CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

Answer 23

IL-10

TGF-Beta

Question 24

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in Treg T-cells?

Answer 24

FOXP3

Question 25

What is the main function of the Treg T-cells?

Answer 25

Suppress activation and function of all other T-cells; known as antihelpers

Question 26

Describe IPEX.

Answer 26

Regulatory T-cells are not working properly to turn off the immune response

Question 27

How is the kiss of death or lethal hit initiated y Cytotoxic Killer CD8+ T-cells?

Answer 27

Through the Fas (CD95) - Fas (CD95L) ligand interaction, the target cell has been given the signal to undergo apoptosis through DNA fragmentation and nuclear collapse.

Question 28

How are Cytotoxic T-Cells activated?

Answer 28

Contact in the lymph node with antigen-presenting dendritic cell and IL-2 from Th1 T-cells

Question 29

What markers on the cell surface of B-cells are used to fluorescently identify them?

Answer 29

CD19 | CD20

Question 30

What markers on the cell surface of T-cells are used to fluorescently identify them?

Answer 30

CD3 CD4 CD8

Question 31

How are T-cells restricted?

Answer 31

Only recognize specific antigen on cells that are genetically identical to themselves (MHC)

Question 32

What do APC Dendritic Cells express?

Answer 32

High levels MHCII | B7 (co-stimulatory molecule)

Question 33

How must APC macrophages be activated?

Answer 33

Phagocytosis to express MHCII | Co-stimulatory molecules

Question 34

What do B-cells express and how must they be activated?

Answer 34

MHC II | Antigen binding to antibody prior to co-stimulatory molecules

Question 35

How are TCR activated for signal transduction?

Answer 35

CD3 and DC cytokines

Question 36

LFA-1 (leukocyte functional antigen)

Answer 36

ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule

Question 37

CD2 bind to?

Answer 37

LFA-3

Question 38

Somatic Mutation in T-Cells

Answer 38

Addition of 0-6 nucleotides by TdT can be added between the V-D or D-J domains

Question 39

How are T-cells selected?

Answer 39

1) Cannot recognize "self" 2) Not recognize free antigen 3) Recognize antigen peptide plus self MHC

Question 40

What is positive selection of T-cells?

Answer 40

T-cells must recognize MHC Class I or MHC Class II molecules (self-restriction)

Question 41

What is negative selection of T-cells?

Answer 41

T-cells that recognize self-antigens bound to MHC II are killed (T-cells need to be tolerant to self-antigens)

Question 42

What cytokines can be released by CD8+ T-cells?

Answer 42

TNF, Perforin, and Granzymes

Question 43

What are the three "classical" MHC Class I gene loci?

Answer 43

HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C

Question 44

MHC Class I Structure

Answer 44

1 transmembrane domain 3 alpha domains 1 B2 Microglobulin (cell surface)

Question 45

What are the MHC II gene loci that encode 2 peptides (alpha subunit and beta subunit)?

Answer 45

DP encodes DP aB DQ encodes DQ aB DR encodes DR aB

Question 46

What does MHC III produce?

Answer 46

Complement Proteins TNF-alpha and TNF-Beta Lymphotoxin Beta

Question 47

HLA-B27

Answer 47

Ankylosing spondylitis Psoriasis IBD Reiter's Syndrome

Question 48

HLA-DR2

Answer 48

Narcolepsy MS Hay Fever Lupus

Question 49

HLA-A3/B14

Answer 49

Hemochromatosis

Question 50

HLA-DQ2/GQ8

Answer 50

Celiac Disease

Question 51

HLA-DR3

Answer 51

DM Type 1 | Grave's Disease

Question 52

HLA-DR4

Answer 52

DM Type 1 | RA

Question 53

HLA-B53

Answer 53

Malarial Resistance

Question 54

How many different Class I MHC molecules could each cell express?

Answer 54

6

Question 55

How many different Class II MHC molecules could each cell express?

Answer 55

12 (DP, DQ, DR)