Week 10 - Immunocomprimised host Flashcards
Define immunocomprimised host
-A host in a state in which the immune system is unable to respond appropriately and effectively to infectious microbes
Describe the types of infections which would indicate underlying immundeficiency
-Severe, Persistant, Unusual and Recurrent
What is the cause of a primary immunodeficiency?
-An intrinsic cause such as gene mutation in any immune genes
How old are the patients diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency?
-Presents within first months of life
Who is primary immunodeficiency most common in and why?
-Males because it is x-linked
What is common variable immunodeficiency?
-Inability of B cell maturation
What malignancy is associated with primary immunodeficiencies?
-lymphoma/gastric carcinoma
Besides malignancy, what other type of condition is associated with immunodeficiency?
-Autoimmune
Describe the management of primary immunodeficiencies
- Promp/prophylactic abx
- Ig replacement therapy if appropriate
What is the cause of chronic granulomatous disease?
-Lack of respiratory burst in neutrophils leading to prolonged and recurrent infections
NAme a T cell deficiency
-DiGeorge
What are the signs of severe combined ID?
- Failure to thrive
- Deep skin/organ abscesses
- Decreased lymphocytes
What is secondary immunodeficiency?
-Decreased production of immune components due to malnutrition, infection, liver disease, lymphoproliferative diseases and splenectomy
How does lymphoproliferative disease lead to immunodeficiency?
- Invasion of lymph nodes
- Chemotherapy destroying mucosal barriers and suppressing WBC production
What type of bacteria are asplenic patients susceptible to? why?
- Encapsulated
- Spleen is site of ab production and ab needed to opsonise encapsulated bacteria for destruction
- Also spleen houses macrophages
