Yr13 💎 2.1 Information Processing: Schema Theory (Schmidt) Motor Control & Learning 1982

Question 1

What does the schema theory suggest

Answer 1

Rather than use a structured set of movements to develop skills, the principles of a skill are taken from an existing motor programme, and then adapted using information from the environment and by using feedback from senses

Question 2

What are the 4 parameters of a schema

Answer 2

1. Initial conditions
2. Response specifications
3. Sensory consequences
4. Response outcome

Question 3

What are parameters of schemas

Answer 3

4 essential processes that must be used to make sure that the schema is effective

Question 4

What are initial conditions

Answer 4

Refers to the information from the sporting environment that must be recognised before a schema can be used

Question 5

What are response specifications

Answer 5

In this stage, the information from the environment is used to assess the available options open to the performer.

e.g. what type of pass is most suitable to find that player

Question 6

What are the first 2 parts of the schema called and why

Answer 6

RECALL SCHEMA

Due to information being used from the motor programme in the memory system

Question 7

What are the last 2 parts of the schema called and why

Answer 7

RECOGNITION SCHEMA

Used once the action is underway, used to control movement and used during the action

Question 8

What are sensory consequences

Answer 8

The use of senses to help guide the movement

Question 9

What is the response outcome

Answer 9

The schema and the motor programme can be updated getting a knowledge of the result of the action. If action failed, adjustments may be made for next time and motor programme is adapted

Question 10

Strategies a coach could use to make sure the schema is used successfully

Answer 10

1. Vary the practice, changing the type and content of the practice session : this will encourage the player to continually adapt their approach
2. Coach should offer continual feedback : ensuring actions and motor programmes can be adjusted.
3. Coach should point out when and where the schema can be used
4. Parts of the skill that can be transferred should be pointed out
5. Reinforcement in the form of praise to the player to encourage further use of the schema in other situations : will give motivation to continue using a method of skill development to enhance performance