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Paramedic Lecture: 2nd Semester > Pulmonology Test Review > Flashcards

Pulmonology Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is our drive to breath based off of?

A

CO2

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2
Q

A reactive airway disease that is stimulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors

A

Asthma

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3
Q

Extrinsic risk factors

A

Risk factors that are external to the patient i.e. Cigarette smoking

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4
Q

Intrinsic risk factors

A

Risk factors that are internal to the patient i.e. Genetic predisposition

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5
Q

What test measures the amount of expired air in the patient with respiratory problems?

A

PEFR

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6
Q

What causes Pneumonia?

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

What is one factor that can help differentiate pneumonia from COPD?

A

Fever

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8
Q

Consolidation

A

A condition that may exist in a patient with pneumonia in which an area of the lung gills with fluid and cellular debris.

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9
Q

First line treatment for reactive airway disease would include…

A

Albuterol

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10
Q

Peep does what for the Alveoli?

A

Keeps them open

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11
Q

Resultant respiratory alkalosis associated with hyperventilation syndrome is due to excessive loss of what?

A

CO2

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12
Q

Sympatholytic drugs can cause what respiratory complication?

A

Respiratory Depression

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13
Q

When should the Resuscitative Approach be used?

A 
Whenever we suspect a life threatening problem.
Examples:
Cardiac or respiratory arrest
Respiratory distress or failure
Unstable dysrhythmias
Status epilepticus (series of generalized motor seizures without an intervening return of consciousness)
Coma or altered mental status
Shock or hypotension
Major trauma
Possible C-spine injury
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14
Q

What is the Resuscitative Approach?

A

Take immediate resuscitative action (such as CPR and defibrillation and ventilation) or other critical action ( such as supplemental oxygen, control of major bleeding and the rapid secondary assessment and/ or en route to the hospital.)

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15
Q

When should the Contemplative Approach be used?

A

When immediate intervention is not necessary.
I.E.
Stable chest pain
Mild allergic reaction

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16
Q

When should be Immediate Evacuation approach be used?

A

Patient with severe internal bleeding, or if the scene is too chaotic, unsafe, or unstable to perform a good assessment.

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17
Q

What is the most superior part of the upper airway?

A

The nasal cavity

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18
Q

What bones comprise the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary, frontal, nasal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones.

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19
Q

Sinus

A

Air cavity that conducts fluids from the eustachian tubes and tear ducts to and from the nasopharynx.

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20
Q

Nasal septum

A

Cartilage separates the right and left nasal

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21
Q

Eustachian tube

A

A tube that connects the ear with the nasal cavity

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22
Q

Nasolacrimal Duct

A

Narrow tube that carries into the nasal cavity tears and debris that have drained from the eye.

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23
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment.

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24
Q

What are the parts of the Nasal cavity?

A

Sinus, Nasal septum, Eustachian tube, and nasolacrimal duct

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25
Q

What is the anatomical structure directly inferior to the nasal cavity?

A

Nasopharynx

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26
Q

What anatomical structures make up the nasopharynx?

A

Tonsils/adenoids, and uvula

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27
Q

What anatomical structure is directly inferior to the nasopharynx?

A

Oropharynx

28
Q

What anatomical structures make up the oropharynx?

A

The tongue

29
Q

What anatomical structure is directly inferior to the oropharynx?

A

The Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

30
Q

What structures make up the laryngopharynx?

A

The vallecula and the epiglottis

31
Q

What anatomical structure is directly inferior toe the laryngopharynx?

A

The larynx

32
Q

What anatomical structures make up the larynx?

A

Esophagus, trachea, glottic opening, vocal cords, thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage, and thyroid gland.

33
Q

Glottis

A

Liplike opening between the vocal cords

34
Q

What are all the major anatomical parts of the upper airway in order from superior to inferior?

A

Nasal cavity, Oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

35
Q

What are all the major anatomical parts of the lower airway in order from superior to inferior?

A

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lung parenchyma, pleura.

36
Q

What receptors in the bronchi relax smooth muscle?

A

Beta 2 receptors

37
Q

How many divisions are there in the bronchioles?

A

Approximately 22

38
Q

Atelactasis

A

Alveolar collapse

39
Q

Parenchyma

A

Principle or essential part of an organ- for the lungs thes are organized into two pulmonary lobules that separate one lung from the other.

40
Q

How many lobes do each lung have?

A

Right lung has three lobes while the left lung has only two.

41
Q

Pleura

A

Membranous connective tissue covering the lungs.

42
Q

What are the parts of the pleura?

A

Visceral and parietal.

43
Q

What visceral pleura do?

A

It envelops the lungs and doesn’t contain nerve fibers. Inner most layer.

44
Q

What does the parietal pleura do?

A

Lines the thoracic cavity and does contain nerve fibers. Outer most layer.

45
Q

Pleurisy

A

Significant pain on respiration due to enflamed pleura.

46
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment.

47
Q

Ventilation

A

The mechanical process that moves air into and out of the lungs.

48
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of gas from an area of high concentration to an are of lower concentration.

49
Q

PA stands for?

A

Alveolar partial pressure

50
Q

Pa stand for?

A

Arterial partial pressure

51
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased hemoglobin concentration.

52
Q

Partial pressure

A

the pressure exerted by each component of gas mixture

53
Q

FiO2

A

Concentration of oxygen in inspired air.

54
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Excessive pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

55
Q

Where is our main respiratory center located?

A

The medulla oblongata

56
Q

What are other respiratory drives?

A

First, the apneustic center, and then the pneumotaxic center. These are both located in the pons.

57
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decreased oxygen level

58
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

Mechanism that increases respiratory stimulation when blood oxygen falls and inhibits respiratory stimulation when blood oxygen climbs.

59
Q

Tidal volume

A

Average volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle.

60
Q

Minute volume: Define and give formula

A

Amount of gas inhaled and exhaled in 1 minute

Minute volume = Tidal volume x respiratory rate

61
Q

Hering-Breuer Reflex

A

Reflex where body tells you to stop inhaling so you don’t pop your lungs

62
Q

What three anatomical features must be in place to have good diffusion?

A

Respiratory membrane, interstitial space, and endothelial lining.

63
Q

What three conditions is lung perfusion dependent on?

A

Adequate blood volume
Intact pulmonary capillaries
Efficient pumping of blood by the heart

64
Q

What types of meds can be given to help with diffusion problems?

A

Diuretic agents or anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids, antibiotics)

65
Q

What can be done to help with perfusion?

A

Take steps to maintain blood volume, and improve the pumping action of the heart.

66
Q

What is a common finding in patients with pulmonary embolism?

A

Rales

Paramedic Lecture: 2nd Semester (48 decks)

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