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Paramedic Lecture: 2nd Semester > Test 4 Review > Flashcards

Test 4 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Proliferative Phase

A

Build up of the uterine wall

Dominated by estrogen, which causes the uterine lining (endometrium) to thicken

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2
Q

Secretory Phase

A

Phase immediately surrounding ovulation. If egg is not fertilized during this phase, estrogen level drops sharply.
Progesterone level dominates.

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3
Q

Ischemic Phase

A

Estrogen and progesterone levels fall.

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4
Q

Menstrual Phase

A

Ischemic endometrium is shed.

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5
Q

PID

A 
Pelvic Inflammatory disease
Commonly occurs in women 15-24 who are sexually active.
Common causes are Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
Signs and Symptoms:
Pain
Shuffling gait
Fever 
Chills
Nausea
Vomiting
Sepsis
Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
Obvious rebound tenderness
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6
Q

Mittelschmerz

A 
Abdominal pain associated with ovulation
Signs and Symptoms:
Unilateral lower quadrant pain
Low-grade fever
Bleeding at time of ovulation
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7
Q

Endometritis

A 
Infection of the endometrium
Signs and symptoms:
Severe lower abdominal pain
Bloody, foul-smelling discharge
Fever between 101 and 104°F
Usually occurs 48 to 72 hours after the gynecological procedure or miscarriage
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8
Q

How to treat gynecological trauma

A 
Put pressure on site
Established IV is bleeding a severe
Transport and left lateral recumbent position
Objectively state what happened
Document what patient says
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9
Q

What changes are generally associated with pregnancy?

A

Breast enlargement
Progesterone causes decreasing airway resistance that results in 20% increase in oxygen consumption and 40% increase in tile volume.
Maternal blood volume increases by 45%
Pregnant female may suffer 30 to 35% blood loss without significant change in vital signs
Maternal heart rate increases by 10 to 15 bees per minute
Estrogen increases thickness of vaginal mucosa
Peristalsis is slowed

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10
Q

How many umbilical veins are there in an infant?

A

One

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11
Q

How many umbilical arteries are there in an infant?

A

Two

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12
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

Specialized structure that allows the umbilical vein to connect to the inferior vena cava of the infant.

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13
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Specialized structure that allows the pulmonary artery to connect directly with the aorta of an infant

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14
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

A hole in the heart of the unborn infant between the right and left atria

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15
Q

Placenta previa

A

Nonpainful cause of bleeding in pregnancy

Cost to buy placenta covering the cervix

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16
Q

Abruptio Placenta

A

Painful cause of bleeding in pregnancy

Caused when the placenta begins to tear away from the uterine wall

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17
Q

Preeclampsia

Signs and symptoms

A 
Increase in systolic blood pressure of 30 mmHg and/or a diastolic increase to 15 mmHg over baseline on at least two separate occasions at six hours apart.
If no baseline blood pressure is available, A blood pressure of 140/90 is considered hypertensive.
Hypertension
Headaches
Photosensitivity
Edema
Pulmonary Edema
Dramatic increase in urine output
18
Q

When does preeclampsia become eclampsia?

A

When seizures develop

Often presided by visual disturbances, flashing lights or spots, epigastric pain or pain in the right upper quadrant.

19
Q

How do you treat preeclamptic and eclamptic patients?

A

Preeclamptic- begin IV of NS and possibly administer 2-4 G of magnesium sulfate
Eclamptic- begin IV of NS and give 2-5 G magnesium sulfate. If seizures develop, consider valium or other sedative.

20
Q

Gestational Diabetes

Signs and symptoms

A

Placental hormones can cause an increased resistance to insulin and a decreased glucose tolerance.
Signs and symptoms:
Diaphoresis
Tachycardia
If blood sugar gets too low, Patients may have a seizure
Abdominal pain
Increased urination
Recent infection
Treatment:
If BG below 60, give 25-50 G of 50 percent dextrose IV
If PT can swallow, give sugared soda or orange juice, or glucose pastes
IF BG exceeds 200, give 1-2 L of sodium chloride IV

21
Q

Stages of labor

A

Stage one- Dilatation Stage, ends with the complete dilatation and effacement of the cervix
Stage two- Expulsion Stage, begins with the complete dilatation of the cervix and ends with the delivery of the fetus. Contractions every two minutes, Lasting for 60-75 seconds.
Stage three- Placental Stage- Placenta usually delivers within 5-20 minutes. Do not delay transport to wait for delivery.

22
Q

When to assist neonatal breathing?

A

If respirations are less than 30 permit and tactile stimulation does not improve rate. In this case give high flow high concentration oxygen and assist ventilations.

23
Q

What factors stimulate a baby’s first breath?

A

Mild acidosis
Stretch receptors
Hypoxia
Hypothermia

24
Q

Meningomyelocle

A

Spinal cord protruding from spinal column

25
Q

Omphalocele

A

Congenital hernia of the umbilicus

26
Q

Normal vital for age group 0 to 3 months

A

Heart rate: 85-205
Respirations: 30-60
Blood pressure: Systolic greater than 60

27
Q

Normal vitals for age group 3 months-2 years

A

Heart rate: 100-190
Respirations: 24-40
Blood pressure 1-12 months: above 70 systolic
Blood pressure 1-2 years: 70 + 2 X age

28
Q

Normal vitals for ages 2 to 10 years

A 
Heart rate: 60-140
Respirations: 
Preschooler- 22-34
School Age- 18-30
Blood pressure: 70 + 2 X age
29
Q

PDA (patente ductus arteriosus)

A

When ductus arterioles doesn’t close completely

30
Q

What is something you should check on all sick infants?

A

Blood glucose levels

31
Q

The blood glucose levels are below 40 in an infant what should be used to treat them?

A

D5W or D10W

32
Q

Persistent fetal circulation

A

Condition in which blood continues to bypass the fetal respiratory system, resulting in ongoing hypoxia.

33
Q

What is the age of an infant?

A

Six to twelve months

34
Q

What is the age of a toddler?

A

One to 3 years

35
Q

What is the age of a preschooler?

A

3 to 5 years

These children know how to talk and have a weird sense of time

36
Q

What is the most pressure that should be used when suctioning out an infant?

A

100 mmHg

37
Q

What is the longest period of time one should suction an infant?

A

10 seconds

38
Q

What is one thing that should always be done before intubation?

A

Give atropine

39
Q

What is the formula for finding out what the correct tube size is for intubation in a infant?

A

Age + 16/4

40
Q

Emergency medical services for children (EMSC)

A

Federally funded program aimed at improving the health of pediatric patients who suffer from life-threatening illnesses and injuries

41
Q

Pierre Robin Syndrome

A

Unusually small jaw, combined with a cleft palate, downward displacement of the tongue, and an absent gag reflex.

Paramedic Lecture: 2nd Semester (48 decks)

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