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Cardiology > common cardiovascular drugs > Flashcards

common cardiovascular drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of anticholesterol drugs and what are their side effects?

A
  1. statins eg simvastatin, blocks HMG CoA reductase and is used in hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes etc. side effects = myopahty, rhabdomyolysis (renal failure)
  2. fibrates eg bezafibrate. Used in hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol
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2
Q

how do anticholesterol drugs work?

A

By inhibiting the binding of PCSK9 to LDLR, PCSK9
inhibitor increases the number of LDLRs available to clear
LDL, thereby lowering LDL-C levels

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3
Q

what bp is hypertension diagnosed at?

A

130/80 mmHg

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4
Q

what are the anti hypertensive drugs?

A

Alpha blockers
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists
Thiazide Diuretics

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5
Q

what are Diuretics?

A
  1. thiazide diuretics eg bendrofluazide, sued in hypertension
  2. loop diuretics, strong eg furosemide and used in haeart failure

side effects are

  • hyperglycaemia (tired)
  • increased uric acid
  • impotence
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6
Q

what are beta blockers?

A
  • block b1 and . b2 receptors
    1. cardioselective b blockers, only block b1, eg antenolol, bisoprolol, used in angina, acute coronary syndrome, MI
    2. nonselectve B blockers, block b1 and b2, eg propranolol, used in migraine
side effects
- asthma
- tired
- worsen heart failure symptoms
cold peripheries
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7
Q

what are calcium antagonists

A
  1. dihydropyridines eg amoldipine, used in hypertension and angina
    side effect : ankle oedema
  2. rate limiting calcium antagonists eg verapamil, used in hypertension and angina, avoid used with beta blockers
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8
Q

what are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?

A
  • block angiotensin 1 becoming angiotnesin 2 eg lisinopril
  • used in hypertenison and heart failure
  • side effects: cough, renal dysfunction, never use in pregnancy induce hypertension
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9
Q

what are angiotensin receptor blockers?

A
  • block angiotensin 2 receptors eg losartan
  • used in hypertenion and heart failure
  • side effects: renal dysfunction, no cough
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10
Q

what are alpha blockers?

A
  • block a adrenoceptrs to cause vasodilation
  • used in hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy eg doxazosin
    side effects = postural hypotension
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11
Q

what are mineralcorticoid antagonists?

A
  • clock adosterone receptos
  • used in heart fialure and resistant hypertension eg spironolactone
    side effects - gynaecomastia, renal impairement
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12
Q

what are the common anti anginal drugs?

A

vasodilators - nitrates, calcium antagonists, nucorandil
slow heart rate - beta blockers, calcium antagonists, ivabradine
metbaolic modulator - ranolazine

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13
Q

what are nitrates?

A
  • venodilators eg isosorbide monoritrate
    used in angina and acute heart attack
    side effects - headache, hypotension
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14
Q

what is nicorandil?

A

K ATP channel activator

side effects - headache, mouth/GI ulcers

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15
Q

what is ivabradine?

A
  • If channel modulator in the sinus node
  • slow HR only in sinus rhythm
  • does not work in atrial fibirllation
  • altered visual disturbance
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16
Q

what is ranolazine?

A
  • late sodium channel modulator
  • decrease calcium load on heart
  • effective in refractor angina
17
Q

what are the antithrombotic drugs?

A

antiplatelet, anticoagulants, fibrinolytics

18
Q

what are antiplatelet agents?

A
  • aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, presugrel
  • all used in new thrombosis
  • used in angina, acute MI, CVA/TIA
    side effects : haemorrhage, asthma
19
Q

what are anticoagulants?

A 
prevent nee thrombosis
1. herparin IV use only
2. warfarin oral use only 
used in DVT, PE, atrial fibrillation
side effects: haemorrhane
20
Q

what are fibrinolytic drugs?

A
  • dissolve formed clot eg streptokinase
  • used in STEMI, PE, CVA
  • side effects: haemorrhage
    avoid in trauma
21
Q

what are the common heart failure drugs?

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARBs
  • BEta blockers
  • diretics
  • digoxin
22
Q

what is digoxin?

A
  1. blocks AV conduction, good in AF, if exercise, bad becasuse heart rate falls too much giving bradycardia and heart block
  2. increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias, always bad, narrow therapeutic index
    side effets: digoxin toxicity, nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia, heart block
23
Q

what are neprilysin inhibitors?

A
  • sulcubitril valsartan
  • ARB and endopeptidase inhibito
  • superior to ACEI or ARB
  • side effects = hypotension, renal impairment, hyperkalaemia, angioneurotic oedema

Cardiology (40 decks)

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