artheromas Flashcards
1
Q
how does an artheroma occur?
A
- primary endothelial injury
- accumulation of lipids and macrophages
- migration of smooth muscle cells
- increase in size
2
Q
what can artheromas progress to?
A
- fatty streak
- fibrofatty plaque
- complicated plaque
3
Q
when will atheromatous narrowing of an artery produce a critical disease?
A
- when it is the only artery supplying an organ or tissue
- when the artery diameter is small
- when the overall blood flow is reduced
4
Q
what are the complications of a atheroma?
A
- stenosis
- thrombosis
- aneurysm
- dissection
- embolism
5
Q
what is arterial stenosis?
A
- narrowing of the arteiral lumen
- reduced elasticity
- reduced flow in systole
- tissue ischaemia
6
Q
what are the clinical effects of cardiac ischaemia?
A
- reduced exercise tolerance
- angina
- unstable angina
- myocardial infarction
- cardiac failure
7
Q
what is cardiac fibrosis?
A
- loss of cardiac myocytes
- replacement of fibrous tissue
- loss of contracility
- reduced elasticity and filling
8
Q
what are the clinical effects of thrombosis?
A
- MI
- cerebral infarction
- renal infarction
- intestinal infarction
9
Q
what is an aneurysm?
A
- abnormal and persistent dilation of an artery due to a weakness in its wall
- most common site is the abdominal wall
10
Q
what are the complications of an aneurysm?
A
- rupture
- thrombosis
- embolism
- pressure erosion of adjacent structures
- infection
11
Q
what is arterial dissection?
A
- splitting within the media by flowing blood
- false lumen filled with blood within the media
- sudden collapse and high mortality
