Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > Arterial fibrillation > Flashcards

Arterial fibrillation Flashcards

1
Q

what is AF?

A
  • chaotic and disorganised atrial activity
  • irregular heartbeat
  • can be paroxysmal, persistent or permanent
  • most common sustained arrhythmia
  • can by symptomatic or asymtomatic
  • incidence increases with age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the mechanism of AF?

A
  • ectopic foci in muscle sleeves in the ostia of the pulmonary veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is AF treated?

A

termination

  • pharmacologic cardioversion with anti-arrhythmic drugs (30% effective)
  • electrical cardioversion (op% effective)
  • spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the forms of AF?

A
  • paroxysmal
  • persistent
  • permanent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is paroxysmal AF?

A
  • paroxysmal and lasting less than 48 hours

- often recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is persistant AF?

A
  • an episode of AF lasting greater then 48 hours which can still be cardioverted to NSR
  • unlikely to spontaneously revert to NSR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is permanent AF?

A
  • inability to pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic methods to restore NSR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are disease/causes associated with AF?

A
  • hypertension
  • congestive heart failure
  • coronary artery disease
  • obesity
  • alcohol abuse
  • congenital heart disease
  • COPD pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is lone (idiopathic) AF?

A
  • absence f any heart diseases and no evidence of ventricular dysfunction
  • could be genetic
  • significant stroke rate > 75 years of age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the symptoms of AF?

A
  • palitations
  • pre-syncpoe
  • syncope
  • chest pain
  • dyspnea
  • sweatiness
  • fatigue

symptoms often worse at the onset of AF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what would the ECG show for AF?

A
  • atrial rate >300bmp
  • irreglarly irregular rhythm
  • variable ventricle rate based on AV node conduction properties, sympa and para tone, presence of drugs which act on the AV node
  • absence of P Waves
  • presence of f waves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what may be required for AF with a slow ventricular rate?

A
  • a pacemaker to allow for pharmacologic control of fast VR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when is AF most likely to result in congestive heart failure?

A
  • in the presence of diastolic dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does a bmp <60 suggest?

A
  • AV conduction disease
  • caution with anti-arrhytgmic and rate controlling drugs
  • may require permanent pacing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is AF managed?

A
  • maintain SR
    Or
  • accept AP but control ventricular rate
  • anticoagulation for both approaches if high risk for thromboembolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do we control rate in AF?

A
  • pharmacologic therapy to slow doen AVN conduction
  • digoxin
  • betablcokers
  • verapamil, diltiazem
17
Q

how is rhythm controlled in AF?

A
  • restoration of NSR = pharmacologic cardioversion (anti-arrythmic drugs eg aminodarone) and direct current cardioversion
  • maintenance of NSR = anti-arrhythmic drugs, catheter albation of arial focus/pulmonary veins, surgery
18
Q

what are class 1 antiarrythythic drugs?

A
  • reducing Na channel current

Lignocaine, quinidine, flecainide, propafenone

19
Q

what are class 2 anti arrhythmic drugs?

A
  • B-Adrenergic antagonists

Propranalol

20
Q

what are class 3 anti arrhythmic drugs?

A
  • action potential prolongation
    Amiodarone, sotalol
    DRONEDARONE
21
Q

what are class 4 anti arrythmic drugs?

A
  • Ca channel antagonists

Verapamil

22
Q

what is torsades de pointes? (TdP)

A
  • heart rate 200-250 bmp
  • irregular rhythm
  • long QT interval
  • wide QRS
  • continously changing QRS morphology
23
Q

whats the indications for anti-coagulation in AF?

A
  • valvular AF = mitral valve disease: MS and MR

- non valvular AF is >75, hypertension, heart failure, previous stroke, CAD, diabetes

24
Q

what is atrial flutter?

A
  • rapid and regular form of atrial tachycardia
  • usually paroxysmal
  • sustained by a macro-reentrant circuit
  • circuit is confined to the right atrium
  • episodes can last from seconds to years
  • chronic atrial flutter usually progress to atrial fibrillation
25
Q

what are the AF treatment options?

A
  • RF ablation
  • pharmacologic therapy: slows ventricular rate, restore sinus rhythm, maintain sinus rhythm once converted
  • cardioversion
  • warfarin for prevention of thromboembolism

Cardiology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions