Flashcards in Anatomy 2 Deck (215)
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1
what are the dimples in you back landmarks of
posterior superior iliac spines
2
what is the first palpable spinous process
t1
70% have C7 palpable
3
what are the extrinsic back muscles
attach the back to the pectoral girdle
-levator scapulae
-rhomboids
-trapezius
-latissimus dorsi
4
what mainly innervates the external back muscles
anterior rami of the cervical nerves
5
what innervates the trapezius
accessory nerve
6
what are the intrinsic back muscles
(maintain posture and move spine)
erector spinae (superficial)
transversospinalis (deep)
7
where are transversospinalis found
between the transverse and spinous processes
attach between vertebrae and: rib, skull, another vertebra or the sacrum
8
what is the main role of transversospinalis
stability and rotation of the vertebrae
9
what is the nerve supply of the intrinsic back muscles
segmental - posterior rami branches (cervical, thoracic and lumbar)
10
what happens when the erector spinae contracts unilaterally
lateral flexion
11
what are the curvatures of the vertebral column
cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis
12
where in vertebra is the spinal cord
vertebral foramen
13
what is a facet joint
articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
14
what vertebrae is there no intervertebral discs between
C1-2
fused sacrum/ coccyx
15
what makes up the intervertaebral discs
outer fibrous ring- annulus fibrosus
inner doft pulp- nucleus pulposus
16
what is the ligamentum flavum
connects adjacent laminae posterior to the spinal cord
17
what is the posterior longitudinal ligament
narrow, weak, prevents overflexion
18
what does the anterior longitudinal ligament do
strong, broad, prevents over extension of the spine
19
which way are vertebral disc more likely to herniate
posteriorly as posterior longitudinal ligament weaker than anterior
20
what does the supraspinous ligament do
connects TIPS of spinous processes
strong
21
what does the interspinous ligament do
connects superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes
weak
22
what goes through the transverse foramen
vertebral arteries (off subclavian)
23
which vertebrae have bifid spinal processes
cervical
24
describe the anatomy of C1 (atlas)
does not have a body or spinous process (post and ant arch instead)
25
which vertebrae has an ondontoid process
C2- axis
26
what movement at the atlanto-occipital joint
flexion and extension of neck
a little lateral flexion and rotation
27
what joint type is atlanto axial
synovial
28
what movement at the atlanto-axial joint
rotation mainly
29
where does the spinal cord start and finish
foramen magnum (continuous with medulla oblongata)
ends vertebral level (L1/2) at conus medullaris
30
