Sleep Disorders Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Sleep Disorders Deck (28)
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1
Q

what is consciousness and unconsciousness

A

consciousness= awareness of self and environment

unconsciousness= unaware, even when stimulated

2
Q

what is non REM sleep

A
'deep sleep'
partial muscle relaxation
reduced cerebral blood flow 
reduced HR, BP and tidal volumes 
slower brain waves
3
Q

what is REM sleep

A

rapid eye movement sleep
increased brain activity
atonic muscles (profoundly relaxed) except eyes and diaphragm
cerebral blood flow increased impaired thermal regulation

4
Q

what types of dreams do you get in the different types of sleep

A

REM- narrative dreaming

Non REM- non narrative images

5
Q

when in night do you get the different types of sleep

A

start of night= Non REM

end of night= REM

6
Q

which type of sleep if more important

A

for adults deep sleep- allows the cortex to recover (protein synthesis, cell division and growth)

for babies REM sleep is more important for brain development

7
Q

what is REM a substitute for in neonates

A

wakefulness - dreams allow cortex to develop without outside engagement- they sleep for 16 hrs per day

8
Q

what are the three responses needed for sleep onset

A
homeostatic response (body needs to be tired and have been awake for long enough) 
emotional (brain has to be ready for bed) 
circadian rhythm (body clock)
9
Q

what is the role of REM sleep

A

consolidates memory, maintains immunocompetence

10
Q

when are the two circadian sleepiness peaks

A

4am

2pm

11
Q

what do circadian rhythms control

A

sleep wake, appetite, body temperature, hormone secretions, alertness

12
Q

how does light affect body clock

A

retinal ganglion cells (non rod non cone cells) projecting to suprachiasmatic nucleus are very sensitive to a specific bright blue light, this resets body clock

13
Q

how does sleep affect excercise

A

sleep helps tissue repair
sleep related growth hormone
cell division peaks during sleep

14
Q

when can the cortex rest

A

only when asleep

15
Q

what are the pre frontal effects of sleep deprivation

A

irritable and suspicious
visual illusions
microsleeps and concentration lapses
dis inhibited

16
Q

what behaviour is not affected by sleep deprivation

A

well rehearsed tasks
routine behaviour
logic tasks

17
Q

how much sleep do you need per night

A

7-8 hrs

18
Q

whats the best way to nap

A

for 15 mins at 2pm= 90 mins overnight

19
Q

what are parasomnias

A

sleep disorders

20
Q

what are the types of parasomnias

A

non rem

rem

21
Q

what are the feature of non rem parasomnias

A

non dreaming
confusional arousals
sleep walking
sleep terrors and paralysis
bruxism
restless legs and periodic limb movement disorder
can be complex behaviours (don’t confuse with dissociation)

takes brain couple seconds to wake up, bit that wakes up is primitive - fight or flight or sex, so can do these actions without remebering

22
Q

what are the features of REM parasomnias

A

often precede parkinsons
dreaming
simple behaviour
usually latter third of night

23
Q

what are the peaks of onset of narcolepsy

A

15 and 36

24
Q

is narcolepsy common

A

no

25
Q

what is the clinical presentation of nacrolepsy

A

daytime sleepiness (involuntary somnolence during eating/ talking, may be severe, impossible to resist)
cataplexy (loss of muscle tone, triggered by emotion)
hypnagogic hallucinations (hallucinations occurring at onset of sleep)
sleep paralysis (unable to move upon falling asleep or awakening with retained consciousness)
rem behaviour disorder

26
Q

what is rem sleep disorder

A

when people act out their dreams

27
Q

what sleep disorder do all patients with parkinsons have

A

rem sleep behaviour disorder

28
Q

what tests can be done to diagnose nacrolepsy

A
overnight polysomnography (overnight sleep test) 
multiple sleep latency (sees how fast someone falls asleep: 4 20 min naps 2 hrs apart, record RRG, muscle activity and eye movements) = patients with narcolepsy will fall asleep quickly and immediately go into REM sleep

can also do lumbar puncture, would expect low hypocretin levels in narcolepsy