Flashcards in Neuroradiology and Brain Tumours Deck (66)
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1
what can cause a headache due to raised ICP
mass, bleed, hydrocephalus, venous thrombosis, infection, oedema
2
what is CT good for
bony detail
spatial resolution
good with emergency/ ICU equipment
fast
3
what is CT bad for
soft tissue
detail
contrast not as good as MRI
high radiation
4
what is dark and light on CT
white things more dense
darkest thing is air
5
what is MRI good for
contrast
soft tissue resolution
depiction of anatomy
marrow and cord pathologies
6
what is MRI bad for
less bony detail
less spatial resolution
not compatible with equipment/ implants
not as quick- need patient cooperation
7
what are the different types of MRI
T1 and T2
T1
-fat, methemoglobin (subacute haematoma), mineral deposition, melanin, contrast material = bright/ hyperintense
-water, air= dark/ hypointense
GREY MATTER WILL BE DARK
T2
(two W's= water white)
-water, air= bright
-fat and 4 m's= dark
GREY MATTER WILL BE LIGHT
T2 flare
form of T2 (grey matter bright) that removes brightness of CSF in the image to look for oedema in the brain
GREY MATTER BRIGHT, CSF DARK
8
does white or grey matter have more myelin
white matter- will be dark in T2, bright in T1 MRI
9
what scan if you suspect an infarct in the brain
MRI (if blood vessel not flowing will show up white)
10
what scan for a brain haemorrhage
CT sensitive for acute haemorrhage but sensitivity lessens with time
time doesn't matter in MRI
if haemorrhage look for aneurysm with CT angiography
11
what vascular abnormality has a popcorn appearance on imaging
cavernoma (cluster of abnormal blood vessels)
12
what scan is used in acute stroke
CT- shows loss of distinction between grey and white matter
13
what imaging is used in all strokes
diffusion weight image
14
what is the hallmark for trauma imaging
CT
15
what can a haematoma in the brain cause
mid line shift, herniation
16
what type of dural haematoma will affect the shape of brain more
extra dural- sub dural can spread further across the brain, extra will create a convex shape
17
when will a tumour enhance with contrast
if vascular in brain only when high grade or if arises from dura (BBB)
18
what does low density around hydrocephalus on imagine mean
oedema in brain
19
what does demyelination look like on CT (T2 and flare)
predominantly affects white mater, inflammation around small venules and veins, lesions on the white matter. CT T2 and flare
20
what is an example of an non infective imflammatory brain condition
demyelination- MS
21
what are intrinsic or extrinsic brain tumours
within our outside of brain parenchyma
22
what are the most common presentations of brain tumours
progressive neurological deficit
motor weakness
headache
seizures
23
how can a tumour increase ICP
mass
oedema mass effect
blockage of CSF flow
haemorrhage
24
what symptoms does raised ICP cause
headache, vomiting, mental changes, seizures
if uncal herniation can cause blown pupil if compresses on oculomotor nerve
25
what are the types of brain herniations
cingulate (subflacine)
central (trans tentorial)
transcalvarial
uncal
upward cerebellar/ transtentorial
downward cerebellar (tonsillar)
26
what type of headache should make you think of brain tumour
worse in morning- wakes them up
increased with coughing/ leaning forward
may be associated with vomiting or symptoms similar to tension headaches/ migraines
27
what do you do if there is scary headache symptoms
always do fundoscopyto look for papilloedema
28
why do tumours cause headaches
raised ICP
invasion/ compression of dural/ blood vessels/ periosteum
double vision
difficulty focusing
extreme hypertension (cushings triad of raised ICP)
psychogenic
29
what does the parietal lobe do
processes sensory input
sensory discrimination
body orientation
primary somatic area
secondary somatic area
30
