Flashcards in Anatomy 2 Deck (215)
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91
how do you test CN V
sensory
Ask the patient to close their eyes
Gently brush the skin in each dermatome with a fine tip of cotton wool
Ask the patient to tell you when they feel their skin being touched
Compare the 2 sides
motor
Palpate the strength of contraction of the masseter & temporalis by asking patient to clench their teeth
Ask the patient to open their jaw against resistance
92
what is the path of CN VII
pontomedullary junction
internal acoustic meatus (into petrous part of temporal bone)
stylomastoid foramen
parotid gland/ muscles of facial expression
93
what does the chorda tympani do
Taste buds of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Parasympathetic supply to the submandibular & sublingual glands (salivation).
(branch of CN VII)
94
what supplies the stapedius
CN VII
95
what does stapedius do
Reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise
96
what does CN VII do
sensory, motor, parasymp
motor- muscles of facial expression, stapedius
sensory- taste ant 2/3rds of tongue (c. tympani)
para- sublingual, submandibular, lacrimal and mucous glands
97
how do you test CN VII
raise eyebrows- frontalis
close eyes tightly- orbicularis oculi
smile- elevators of lips
puff out cheeks and hold air- orbicularis oris
98
what is the path of CN IX
medulla oblongata
jugular foramen
descends towards pharynx and mouth
To the :
stylopharyngeus muscle
parotid gland
pharyngeal mucosa
carotid body and sinus
posterior 1/3rd of tongue
99
what does CN IX do
General sensory to:
The posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
The mucosa of most of the nasopharynx and oropharynx
The mucosa of some of the laryngopharynx (some overlap with CN X territory)
The palatine tonsil
The eustachian tube
The middle ear cavity
Special sensory to:
The vallate papillae (with taste buds) of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
Visceral afferent to the carotid sinus baroreceptors & the carotid body chemoreceptors
Somatic motor
(Stylopharyngeus)
Parasympathetic (secretomotor) to the parotid gland (salivary)
100
how can you test CN IX
gag reflex
101
what is the path of the vagus nerve
lateral aspect of medulla oblongata
jugular foramen
supplies between palate and midgut
-runs within carotid sheath
-posterior to and between the common carotid artery and IJV
-gives of recurrent laryngeal branch
-right CN X lies on trachea
-left CN X lies on aortic arch
-both pass posterior to lung root and onto oesophagus
-pass through diaphragm with oesophagus at T10
both pass onto surface of stomach
branches pass to celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia follows GI arteries
102
what is the path of the two recurrent laryngeal nerves
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve curves under arch of the aorta
Right recurrent laryngeal curves under the right subclavian artery
103
how do you test CN X
Ask patient to say ‘ahhhhh’ – also tests CNV3
(MUSCLES OF PALATE)
Motor function
Uvula should lift straight up in midline
Unilateral pathology will pull uvula away from the non-functioning side
swallow water
listen to speech
104
what are the five layers of the scalp
SCALP
s= skin
C= connective tissue (contains arteries)
A= aponeurosis
L= loose connective tissue
P= pericranium (periosteum of the skull)
105
what do skull sutures do in skull fractures
help prevent fractures spreading
106
what bones make up the pterion
frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid
107
what artery courses over the deep aspect of the pterion
the middle meningeal artery
108
what is meningitis
inflammation (usually bacterial or viral infection) of the meninges
109
what supplies the sensory innervation to the dura mater
CN V
110
what meninges enlcoses the dural venous sinuses
dura mater
111
what is the diaphragm sellae
sheet of dura mater that forms a roof over the pituitary fossa
112
what is the tentorium cerebelli
sheet of dura mater that tents over the cerebellum
attaches to the ridges of the petrous temporal bones
has a central gap to allow the brainstem to pass through
113
what is the falx cerebri
dura mater midline structure that attaches to deep aspect of skull:
-from crista galli of the ethmoid bone anteriorly
-internal aspect of the sagittal suture
- to internal occipital protuberance posteriorly
it separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres
blends with tentorium cerebelli
114
what do cerebral veins do
drain venous blood from the brain into the dural venous sinuses
115
where is the confluence of dural venous sinuses
midline at internal occipital protuberance
116
what lines dural venous sinuses
endothelium
117
what is the danger triangle
are if face where there is connection between superficial facial veins and deep facial veins - infection here can spread backwards to cranium
118
what foramen does the vertebral artery go through
transverse foraminae in vertebrae then foramen mangum
119
how does the internal carotid enter the cranial cavity
cranial canal
120
