Flashcards in Anatomy 2 Deck (215)
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121
what does the right anterior cerebral artery supply
medial aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere
122
what links the anterior cerebral arteries
anterior communicating artery
123
what does the left middle cerebral artery supply
lateral aspect of the left cerebral hemisphere
124
what does the right posterior cerebral artery supply
posterior aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere including the visual cortex
125
what links the posterior cerebral arteries to the middle cerebral arteries
posterior communicating arteries
126
where is the circle of willis
in subarachnoid space
inferior to midbrain- close to pituitary stalk and optic chiasm
127
how much CSF is made each day and where
400-500mls
choroid plexus of the ventricles
reabsorbed via arachnoid granulations
128
what level does the subarachnoid space end
S2
129
where is the 3rd venticle
midline within the diencephalon
130
where is the 4th ventricle
between the cerebellum and pons
131
how does the CSF get from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle
foraminae of munro
132
where is CSF in the spinal cord
in subarachnoid space around it ans in central canal
133
what is hydrocephalus
when excessive production, obstruction to flow or inadequate reabsorption causes increased CSF volume
134
what is a ventricular peritonieal shunt
when a shunt catheter is tunnelled beneath the skin of the neck and chest and then sited within the peritoneal cavity to help hydrocephalus
135
where do cerebral arteries go between
brain to dural sinuses
136
where are the middle meningeal arteries
between bone and dura
137
what is an extradural haemorrhage
bleed between brain ans dura (middle meningeal artery- trauma to pterion)
138
what is a subdural haemorrhage
a bleed separates the dura from the arachnoid (cerebral veins- falls in the elderly)
139
what is a subarachnoid haemorrhage
bleed in to the csf of the subarachnoid space (ruptured circle of willis 'berry aneurysm'- congenital)
140
what is an uncal herniation
the uncus (medial part) of the temporal
lobe herniates inferior to the tentorium cerebelli
141
describe an infratentorial herniation
can be upward, downward or tonsillar:
-the cerebellar tonsils herniate into the foramen magnum
142
what does compression of the oculomotor nerve by an uncal herniation cause
ipsilateral fixed dilated pupil (blown pupil)
143
what is the basic function of the cerebellum and basal ganglia
adjust and coordinate movement
144
what is the flocculonodular lobe
ear like lobe on the cerbellum
145
how is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem
via 3 penduncles- middle, superior and inferior- made of white matter
146
what is the vermis
centre of the cerebellum
147
how does the cerebellum talk to the brainstem and thalamus
via deep cerebellar nuclei (deep grey matter)
148
what are the three layers of the cerebellum
outer- molecular (lots of neurones)
middle- purkinje (output cells- talks to brainstem)
inner- granular (>50% of neurones)
149
what are the afferet projections to the cerebellum (inputs)
spinal cord (from somatic proprioceptors and pressure receptors)
cerebral cortex (relayed via the pons)
vetsibular apparatus (via vestibular nuclei)
all enter via cerebellar peduncles and project mainly to granular layer
150
