ANAT 231 > Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System (Lecture) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System (Lecture) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define plasma and its composition

A

91.5% water
8.5% solutes
Solutes include nutrients, waste, gases, electrolytes, and proteins like albumin, antibodies, globulins, and fibrinogen

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2
Q

ID and Describe

A

Fibrous layer of the parietal pericardium

  • Made of dense irregular CT (w/ adipose tissue)
  • Adheres to diaphragm inferiorly and to the roots of the great vessels
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3
Q

ID and describe

A

Serous layer of the parietal pericardium

  • Made of simple squamous ET
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4
Q

ID and Describe

A

Pericardial Cavity

  • filled with fluid to reduce friction between heart and outer wall of pericardial sac
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5
Q

ID and Describe

A

visceral pericardium

  1. Serous layer-simple squamous ET
  2. Fibrous layer-Areolar CT (w/adipose tissue)
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6
Q

ID and Describe

A

Myocardium

  • cardiac muscle tissue
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7
Q

ID and Describe

A

Endocardium

  1. Simple Squamous ET
  2. Areolar CT
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8
Q

What is this? And how do you know?

A

Vein

  • Smaller Tunica Media
  • Larger Tunica Adventitia
  • No Internal Elastic membrane
  • Larger Lumen
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9
Q

What is this? And how do you know?

A

Artery

  • Larger Tunica Media
  • Contain elastic membrane in Tunica Intima
  • Smaller Tunica Externa
  • Smaller Lumen
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10
Q
A

Brachiocephalic Trunk

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11
Q
A

Superior Vena Cava

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12
Q
A

Rt Pulmonary Artery

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13
Q
A

Ascending Aorta

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14
Q
A

Pulmonary Trunk

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15
Q
A

Rt Pulmonary Veins

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16
Q
A

Rt Atrium

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17
Q
A

Inferior Vena Cava

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18
Q
A

Lt Common Carotid Artery

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19
Q
A

Lt Subclavian Artery

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20
Q
A

Lt Pulmonary Artery

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21
Q
A

Lt Pulmonary Veins

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22
Q
A

Aortic Semilunar Valve

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23
Q
A

Anterior Tibial Artery and Vein

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24
Q

Describe the flow of the Hepatic Portal System

A

Gastric Vein, Splenic Vein, Superior Mesenteric Vein, and Inferior Mesenteric vein flow into the hepatic portal vein. Flow continues into the liver. Continues into the hepatic veins. Finally empties into the IVC.

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25
Brachial Artery and Vein
26
Brachiocephalic Vein
27
Celiac Trunk
28
Common Femoral Artery and Vein
29
Common Iliac Artery and Vein
30
Gastric Veins
31
Hepatic Portal Vein
32
Inferior Mesenteric Vein
33
Renal Artery and Vein
34
Radial Artery and Vein
35
Splenic Vein
36
Subclavian Artery and Vein
37
Subclavian Vein
38
Superior Mesenteric Vein
39
Ulnar Artery
40
Continuous - most common
41
Fenestrated Capillary - Simple Squamous ET - Found in kidney (synovial membrane) - lots of fluid exchange
42
Sinusoidal/Discontinuous - Simple Squamous ET - Giant Holes and Big gaps between ET - Found in liver and Spleen - Allows RBCs to pass through
43
Brachiocephalic Trunk
44
Right Common Carotid Artery
45
Right External Jugular Vein
46
Internal Jugular Vein
47
Lt Brachiocephalic Vein
48
Rt Brachiocephalic Vein
49
Rt Subclavian Artery
50
Describe the structure of all capillaries
They only have tunica intimas to allow for gas exchange
51
What are three types of arteries?
1. Elastic arteries 2. muscular arteries 3. arterioles
52
Elastic arteries
- closest to the heart - largest - 3 tunics - vaso vasorum - lots of elastic fibers
53
Muscular arteries
- smaller - heading away from the heart - majority of visible arteries - thick tunica media --> most vasoconstriction
54
Arterioles
- tunica media and tunica interna only - miscroscopic - can completely close
55
How does blood move through veins?
Via the skeletal muscle pump
56
What are the components needed for blood clotting to happen?
- platelets - fibrinogen - RBC - WBC
57
What are varicose veins, and how do you treat them?
Dilated superficial veins usually in the legs as a result of weakened vessel walls and deformed valves. Tx: compression socks
58
What is arteriosclerosis and what are two main types?
Stiffening of blood vessels 1. Atherosclerosis 2. Hypertensive Arteriosclerosis
59
Atherosclerosis
- Can narrow vessel lumen - plaques forming in vessel walls, damaging endothelium
60
Hypertensive Arteriosclerosis
- hardening of vessels from increased BP - thickening of tunica adventitia resulting in less stretch
61
Aneurysm
- weak region of a blood vessel - Aortic aneurysm - Thoracic - Abdominal
62
What is AVM?
Arteriovenous Malformation - misformed capillary bed
63
Diabetic Angiopathy
Increased BGL ---> Damaged capillaries and nerves
64
Where are platelets from?
megakaryocytes
65
What is endocarditits?
- Inflammation of the endocardium - disrupts endothelium - RBC rupture --> leads to blood clots
66
Intercalated discs
- allow for strong contractions and coordinated movement of cardiac cells - gap junction between cells
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Chordae Tendinae - prevents valve prolapse along with the papillary muscle
68
Embryonic development of the heart
- Happens in about 35 days - Starts as two pumping tubes. The tubes then fuse together. Folding and twisting
69
Ductus arteriosis
Connects aorta to the pulmonary trunk - diverts blood away from the lungs
70
Foramen Ovale
- Diverts blood b/w sides of the heart
71
Patent foramen ovale
Foramen ovale that does not close all the way in maturiy
72
Tetralogy of Fallot
Heart Improperly develops - 4 major structural issues - cyanosis
73
Systole
blood pressure measurement from ventricle contraction
74
Diastole
Measure of blood pressure when ventricles relax (pressure from elastic arteries)
75
Heart Stimulation
SA node --> pace maker --> sends impulse to Atria and atria contract --> signal gets delayed in AV node --> signal sent to conduction myofibrils --> ventricles contract
76
Blood flow to the heart
Coronary arteries and veins branch off aorta --> coronary veins --> Coronary sinus --> R Atrium
77
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial ischemia due to inadequate perfusion from coronary art blockage - prevention: heart-healthy diet and cardiovascular exercise --> Angiogenesis (new vasculature formation) Blockages: - blood clot - atherosclerosis Tx: 1. Coronary Artery Bypass 2. Stent
78
Describe the flow of the lymphatic system
Thoracic duct and R. Lymphatic duct drain into SVC
79
Lymph Nodes
Bean-shaped organ filled with macrophages that filter out waste and pathogens from your lymph
80
What organ is shown, and what are its functions?
Spleen - Big lymph node - Immune Function: remove bloodborne pathogens (White Pulp) - Remove and destroy aged or defective red blood cells (Red Pulp)
81
What organ is shown, and what are its functions?
Thymus Gland - Site where immature lymphocytes develop into T-lymphocytes - Monitors cancer and intracellular pathogens - Atrophies with age
82
What Organs are shown, and what are their functions?
Tonsils Contain Lots of WBC and stop pathogens from entering through the nose and throat
83
Atherosclerosis
- can narrow lumen - plaques forming in vessel walls, damaging endothelium
84
Hypertensive Arteriosclerosis
- hardening of vessels from increased BP - thickening of tunica adventitia resulting in less stretch
ANAT 231
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