Chapter Two Flashcards by Karly Wiley

What four things occurs in prophase?

Chromosomes become chromatin
Nuclear membrane distinguishes
Centrioles double and move
Development of spindle

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What happens in metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the equator of the cell.

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What happens in anaphase?

Tear centromeres apart, to Opposite poles.

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What happens in telophase?

It is the reverse of prophase
1spindle breaks down
2 nuclomembrane reforms
3. Chromosomes go back to chromatin

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What is the characteristics of sexual reproduction?

Sex is for variations.
A COMBO of mom and dad
Sperm and egg

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What is the phases in mitosis?

Interphase( g1 s g2)
Prophase 
Metaphase
Anaphase 
Telophase

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Where is the only place meiosis occurs?

Gametes

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What is the first place variation comes from crossing over?

Prophase one

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What is the second place variation comes from crossing over?

Metaphase one

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What is the purpose for meiosis one?

Produce haploid cells

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What happens in prophase one.

Each pair of chromosomes pair up and lay next to each other about to cross over but only piece ps of each end get swapped back and forth.

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What happens in metaphase one?

Start to line up in the middle still shuffling chromosomes.

Shuffles chromosomes and DNA.

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What is the third place of variations?

You choose the partners.

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What happens in meiosis one

It splits pairs

Two chromosomes but doubles DNA

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What happens in meiosis two?

Line up tear apart and move apart with haploid

But with normal DNA

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What was the first theory of genetics?

Pre formed

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What did the first theory of genetics mean?

Believed humans were pre formed

Little humans in sperm.

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What was the second theory of genetics?

Blending.

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What does the second theory of genetics mean?

Cross two things becomes characteristics in between.
Tall + short = medium
But if this would keep happening there would be no variations.

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What is the third theory of genetics?

Gregory medal’s

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What was Mendels first law of genetics?

Segregation.

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What does segregation mean?

All organisms have two factors for each trait that separate during meiosis and come back together as fertilization.

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What is genotypic ratio?

The letters,
tt TT Tt
1:2:1
25% 50% 25%

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What is phenotypic ratio?

Physical
Tall or short
3:1
75% 25%

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What was medels second law?

Independent Assortment

What is independent assortment?

Alleles for one trait don't effect the sorting of allels for another trait during meiosis.

What is an Incomplete cross?

NOT BLENDING 25% red 25% white 50% pink

What is an example of Codominance cross?

Blood type.

What chromosomes are sex chromosomes?

The last two chromosomes

What letters determine males?

What letters determine Female.

What's the difference between meiosis one and meiosis two?

Meiosis one separates pairs | Meiosis two separates arms

What are chromosomes?

DNA together

What are chromatin?

DNA relaxed

What are chromatid?

Different size of chromosomes | Half of a double

What is cry of the cat?

Short number five chromosome

What happens in G1?

Double organelles

What happens in G2 phase?

Make protein material to divide.

What happens in nondisjunction?

Pair of chromosomes don't separate in meiosis one.

What are bar bodies?

The second X falls off.

Cross BBSS X BbSs

Foil

What is the genotype for Red?

What is the genotypic for pink?

What is the genotype for white?

What does homozygous mean?

two big letters | BB

What does heterozygous mean?

One big letter one little letter | Bb

What is blood type A Dominant over?

What is blood type B Dominant over?

What Is AB.

Codomance

What are other forms of blood type A

AA Ai

What are other forms of blood type B?

BB Bi

What are other forms of AB

There are none it's just AB

What are other forms of O

What is an example of a sex linked trait?

Color blindness

Is males or females more susceptible to color blindness?

Males

Can people be color blind and carrier?

No has to be one or the other

What is mutation?

Any change in DNA

What are the levels of mutation?

Insertion Deletion Substitution

What is substitution?

CAT CAT CAT CGT CAT CAT tiny change causes sickle cell disease.

What is deletion?

CAT ATC ATC | causes frame shift and changes every

What are some symptoms of cry of the cat?

Bite fingers off Strip down Very violent

What happens when whole chromosomes are missing?

Down syndrome

What happens when there is a third extra 21 chromosomes?

Downs

What is non disjunction?

When both XX's travel together making the genotype XXXX

What is the genotype in women for klinefelters?

XXY femalish male

What is the genotype in women for turners

What happens when the chromosomes in women are XO

It's a spontaneous abortions | Dead

What is the genotype for the sperm when having klinefelters?

XXY

What is the genotype for the sperm when having turners?

What is the genotype for the sperm when having super woman?

XXX

What is the genotype for the sperm when having Jacobs syndrome?

XYY

What are examples of sets of chromosomes?

It's ok in plants not animals Example seedless watermelon But doesn't effect growth

Chapter Two Flashcards

(72 cards)