Chem: Vitamins & minerals Flashcards

1
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B1,2,3,5,6,9,12
biotin
c
bioflavonoids

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2
Q

fat soluble vitaminss

A

ADEK

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3
Q

B1 active form; rxn; deficiency; notes

A
Thiamine
A: TPP thiamine pyrophosphate
R: oxidative decarboxylation
Def.: BERI BERI- paralysis
alcoholics- wernickes korsakoff
can have neurological, cerebral, & vascular manifestations
wheat germ, pork, oatmeal
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4
Q

B2 active form; rxn; deficiency; notes

A

Riboflavin
A: FAD; FADH; FMN;FMNH
R: oxidative reduction & electron transfer rxn
D: cheilosis & angular stomatitis, blurred vision
magenta tongue, pallor
Beef, chicken, liver, eggs

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5
Q

B3 active form, rxn, deficiency, notes

A

Niacin
A: NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH
R: ox. red., electron transfer, glycolysis
D: pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death (4D’s)
flush, itchy, will also be deficient in tryptophan
liver, tuna, oatmeal, salmon

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6
Q

B5 active form, rxn, deficiency, notes

A
Pantothenic Acid
A: pantothenic acid
R: coenzyme A
D: rare, burning feet, malaise, abdominal pain
beef, chicken liver, sunflower seeds
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7
Q

B6 active form, rxn, deficiency, notes

A
pyridoxine
A: pyridoxal phosphate
R: transamination & decarboxylation
D: convulsions in infants, dermatitis, loss of myelin
can be toxic, sensory ataxia
liver, oatmeal, banana, garbanzo
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8
Q

B9 active form, rxn, deficiency, notes

A
folic acid
A: tetra hydro folate
R: methyl transfer
D: macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
prevents neural tube defects
chicken liver, spinach, lentils
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9
Q

B12 active form, rxn, deficiency, notes

A

cyanocobalamin
A: deoxy-adenosyl cobalamin
R: methyl transfer, recycles folic acid,
D: vegetarians: Pernicious anemia
macrocytic anemia, combined systems disease (PLS)
needs IF to be absorbed
not found in plants

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10
Q

Biotin active form, rxn, deficiency, notes

A
A: biotin
R: carboxylation
D: glossitis, dermatitis, avidin in eggs prevents Ab's
needed to make fats & carbos
cauliflower, peanuts, & cheese
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11
Q

Vit C active form, rxn, deficiency, notes

A
A: reduced state
R: collagen synthesis & AOX
D: scurvy & bleeding gums
makes hydroxyproline- collagen synthesis
citrus, fruits
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12
Q

Bioflavanoids

A

vitamin C reduced

white part of fruit

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13
Q

Vit A active form, deficiency, notes

A

retinol (from beta carotene)
A: retin
D: night blindness, dry cornea, ulcerations (xeropthalmia), skin sores, everything feels dry
helps with vision in rod cells of retina & mucous membranes
toxicity: headaches, peeling skin
beef & chicken liver, carrots, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe

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14
Q

Vit D active form, deficiency, notes

A
Cholecalciferol
A: sun>skin ; liver & kidneys; 1,25 diOH cholecalciferol
D: rickets; Osteomalacia
absorbs calcium from the gut
toxicity: anorexia, renal failure
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15
Q

Vit E active form, deficiency, notes

A
tocopherol
A: stored in adipose, liver, & muscle
requires bile salts & fat for absorption
D: possibly hemolytic anemia, MD, sterility, CV problems
AOX with selenium
Toxicity: interferes with enzymes
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16
Q

Vit K active form, deficiency, notes

A
Quinone
A: synthesized by large intestine bacteria, requires bile salts & fat for absorption
Stored in LIver & spleen
D: clotting disorders
makes prothrombin in the liver
toxicity: kernicterus, neural
17
Q

Calcium fxn?

A

9-11 mg % in bondy
F: component of bone
muscle contraction
nerve regulation

18
Q

Ca++ regulated by?

A

vit D. in th egut
calcitonin in the blood> bone
PTH in bone> blood

19
Q

Ca++ deficiency? Toxicity?

A

rickets; osteomalacia; osteoporosis, may lead to tetany

Tox: dec muscle tone, calcium deposits in soft tissue, renal failure

20
Q

Phopsphorus fxn, regulated by, def., tox?

A

F: component of bones, ATP, nucleic acids
R: kidney
D: rickets, osteomalacia, renal dysfunction
T: may lead to bone loss

21
Q

Sodium fxn, regulated by, def., tox.?

A

F: h2o distribution, osmosis, AP, bicarbonate
R: aldosterone
D: hyponatremia, confusion, coma
T: HTN

22
Q

Potassium Fxn, Regulated by, Def., Tox?

A

F: nerve and muscle AP
R: aldosterone
D: caused by diuretics, muscle weakness
T: cardiac arrest

23
Q

Chlorine fxn, def.?

A

acid base balance

secondary to vomitting

24
Q

magnesium fxn, def, tox?

A

F: component of bone, cofactor for kinase, needed for glucose breakdown
D: diabetes, HTN, inc chol, spasms BV
T: poisoning-miners, neuro symptoms- like parkinsosns

25
Q

Chromium fxn, metabolism, def.?

A

F: glucose transport
M: helps bind insulin to cell
D: impaired glucose tolerance

26
Q

Cobalt fxn, def.?

A

F: constituent of B12
D: macrocytic (pernicous) anemia

27
Q

Copper fxn, metab, def?

A

F: part of cytochrome A oxidase
M: transported by albumin; melanin formation
D: menkes syndrome(hereditary die infancy)

28
Q

iodine fxn, metab, def?

A

F: part of thyroxine
M: stored as thyroglobulin
D: cretinism, goiter, myxedema

29
Q

Iron fxn, metab, def?

A

F: part of heme enzymes
M: transported as Transferrin; Stored as Ferritin
D: hypochromic microcytic anemia

30
Q

manganese fxn, metab, def?

A

F: cofactor for decarboxylase
M: hemoglobin, forms urea, growth, reproduction
D: ligamentous healing

31
Q

selenium fxn, metab, def?

A

F: cofactor for glutathione peroxidase
M: synergistic with vit E
D: cardiomyopathy; Tox: hair/nail loss

32
Q

Zinc fxn, tox, def?

A

F: cofactors for carbonic anhydrase
toxicity- metal fume fever- neuro damage
D: impaired wound healing

33
Q

Fluorine fxn, tox, def?

A

F: increases hardness of teeth
Tox: causes mottled teeth
D: dental caries