G.A. endocrine system

Question 1

where is the pituitary?

Answer 1

bottom of hypothalamus, base of brain, in sella turcica

Question 2

what covers the pituitary?

Answer 2

dural fold (diaphragma sellae)

Question 3

aka for pituitary?

Answer 3

hypophysis

Question 4

where is the sella turcica located?

Answer 4

in sphenoid bone

Question 5

what is the general size of pituitary?

Answer 5

size of a pea

Question 6

what is the largest endocrine gland?

Answer 6

thyroid

Question 7

what is the location of the thyroid?

Answer 7

inf to thyroid cartilage, level of cricoid cartilage

Question 8

what does thyroid produce?

Answer 8

T3, T4, calcitonin

Question 9

what controls the thyroid?

Answer 9

hypothalamus & calcitonin

Question 10

what is another name for thyroid cartilage?

Answer 10

adams apple

Question 11

what is the location of the parathyroid?

Answer 11

behind the thyroid

Question 12

what does parathyroid produce?

Answer 12

parathormone

Question 13

how many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

where are the adrenals located?

Answer 14

atop of each kidney

Question 15

aka for adrenals?

Answer 15

suprarenal glands

Question 16

what does the medulla of adrenals secrete?

Answer 16

epinephrine & NE

Question 17

what does the cortex of adrenals secrete?

Answer 17

steroid hormones
glucocorticoids- Sweet
mineral corticoids- salty
adrenocorticoids- sex

Question 18

location of pancreas? parts of pancreas?

Answer 18

epigastric & left hypochondriac
head- concavity of doudenum
uncinate process- deept to sup. mesenteric vessels
body- behind stomach
tail- left end of pancreas- contacts the spleen

Question 19

what does the pancreas produce?

Answer 19

Head- Enzymes: amylase, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidaselipase, trypsin (ancinar cells)
Tail- Hormones: insulin by BETA cells; Glucagon by ALPHA cells (islets of langerhans)

Question 20

difference between endocrine & exocrine glands?

Answer 20

Exocrine have DUCTS

Endocrine are DUCTLESS

Question 21

where is the pineal gland located? produces?

Answer 21

AKA pineal body or epiphysis cerebri

produces melatonin

Question 22

what is “Brain sand”?

Answer 22

calcification of pineal gland

Question 23

where is the thymus located? function?

Answer 23

L: ant. sup. mediastinum
F: T-lymphocytes to recognize self (matures T-lymphocytes)

Question 24

purpose of outer cortex of thymus?

Answer 24

packed with maturing T cells

Question 25

what would you find in the inner medulla of thymus?

Answer 25

degenerative thymic corpuscles (hassals bodies)